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           骤和阶段，确保相关政策的科学、有序推进。地理                                  gov.au/health-topics/rural-health-workforce/classifications/mmm.
           分级分类标准是医疗资源和条件的衡量工具，完善                              ［8］万崇华，姜润生 . 卫生资源配置与区域卫生规划的理论与实践
                                                                   ［M］. 北京：科学出版社，2013.
           相应的法律体系并系统化制定相应的卫生资源优化
                                                               ［9］Australia Government Department of Health. Health workforce
           政策才能使这把衡量之尺发挥作用。
                                                                   distribution priority areas［EB/OL］. ［2022-04-01］. https://www.
               综上所述，澳大利亚通过地理信息科学（GIS）                              health.gov.au/health-topics/rural-health-workforce/classifications/
           对各区域的人口、经济、社会等数据进行统计分析，                                 annual-update-dpa-dws.
           从而得出适用于医疗系统的地理分级系统，并定期进                             ［10］Australia Government Department of Health. Bonded medical
                                                                    program［EB/OL］. ［2022-04-01］. https://www.health.gov.au/
           行更新与完善。同时，利用互联网平台设立人力资源
                                                                    initiatives-and-programs/bonded-medical-program.
           查看器，使用 GIS 和互联网技术，实现分级系统和新                          ［11］Australia Government Department of Health. Health workforce
           版分级分类标准可视化，这对我国偏远地区卫生人                                   distribution priority areas［EB/OL］. ［2022-04-01］. https://
           力资源的优化有很大借鉴意义。数字化时代背景下，                                  www.health.gov.au/health-topics/health-workforce?utm_
                                                                    source=health.gov.au&utm_medium=callout-auto-custom&utm_
           我国应发挥好电子信息技术、人工智能技术的作用，
                                                                    campaign=digital_transformation.
           并加强基层信息化建设，实现信息的互联互通，及                              ［12］Australia Government Department of Health. Incentives and support
           时上传各节点卫生资源的需求和配置信息，使政策                                   for GPs and general practices in MM7 locations［EB/OL］.
           制定符合实际情况。本研究的局限性在于：文献开                                   ［2022-04-01］. https://www.health.gov.au/resources/publications/
                                                                    incentives-and-support-for-gps-and-general-practices-in-mm-
           源度所限，尚未找到各地理分级方法的计算体系和
                                                                    7-locations.
           计算指标；受限于篇幅，未能对不同的分级体系或
                                                               ［13］Australia Government Department of Health. General practitioner
           相应的政策进行比较分析；研究处在定性探讨阶段，                                  procedural training support program［EB/OL］. ［2022-04-10］.
           未能进行定量探讨。                                                https://www.health.gov.au/initiatives-and-programs/gpptsp.
               作者贡献：干颖滢负责文献的收集与整理，数据                           ［14］Australia  Government  Department  of  Health.  Area  of  need
                                                                    ［EB/OL］. ［2022-05-23］. https://www.medicalboard.gov.au/
           整理、计算与分析，撰写初稿，并对文章进行修订；
                                                                    Registration/Types/Limited-Registration/Area-of-Need.aspx.
           王书平参与文章选题并提出建议，负责初稿的审阅                              ［15］Australia Government Department of Health. Rural bulk billing
           与修改、课题申请与项目管理；闫丽娜参与对初稿                                   incentives［EB/OL］. ［2022-05-23］. https://www.health.gov.au/
           的审阅与修改、数据整理与分析，同时提供行政、                                   initiatives-and-programs/rural-bulk-billing-incentives.
                                                               ［16］Australian Government Department of Health. Workforce incentive
           技术及材料支持；吴晓凡参与稿件的审阅与修改。
                                                                    program doctor stream［EB/OL］. ［2022-05-23］. https://
               本文无利益冲突。                                             www.health.gov.au/initiatives-and-programs/workforce-incentive-
           参考文献                                                     program/doctor-stream.
           ［1］Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing. The audit   ［17］Australian Government Department of Health. Workforce incentive
               of health workforce in rural and regional Australia［R］. Canberra：  program guidelines［R］. Canberra：Australian Government
               Department of Health and Ageing，2008.                Department of Health，2012.
           ［2］Australia Government Department of Health. Summary Statistics，  ［18］Australia Government Department of Health and Aged Care.
               Modified Monash Model［EB/OL］. （2021-10-11）［2022-01-31］.   Dashboard，summary statistics-metrics［EB/OL］.（2021-10-01）
               https://hwd.health.gov.au/resources/data/summary-mmm.html.  ［2022-05-23］. https://hwd.health.gov.au/resources/dashboards/
           ［3］GARDINER F W，BISHOP L，GRAAFF B D，et al. Equitable     nhwds-summary-metrics.html.
               patient access to primary healthcare in Australia［R］. Canberra：  ［19］杨英，郑丽云，姜辉 . 澳大利亚全科医生培训体系及其启示［J］.
               The Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia，2020.   中 国 全 科 医 学，2014，17（8）：851-856. DOI：10.3969/
           ［4］Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Rural & remote health   j.issn.1007-9572.2014.08.001.
               ［EB/OL］. （2022-07-07）［2022-07-11］. https://www.      YANG  Y，ZHENG  L  Y，JIANG  H.  General  practitioner
                                                                    training system in Australia and its inspiration［J］. Chinese
               aihw.gov.au/reports/rural-remote-australians/rural-remote-health/
                                                                    General Practice，2014，17（8）：851-856. DOI：10.3969/
               contents/access-to-health-care.
                                                                    j.issn.1007-9572.2014.08.001.
           ［5］孟庆跃 . 中华医学百科全书：公共卫生学卫生经济学［M］. 北京：
                                                               ［20］Australia Government Department of Health. Ncentives and support
               中国协和医科大学出版社，2017.
                                                                    for GPs and general practices in MM locations［EB/OL］. （2022-
           ［6］Australia Bureaus of Statistics. Rural，remote and metropolitan areas
                                                                    02-04）［2022-03-18］. https://www.health.gov.au/resources/
               classification［R］. Canberra：Australia Bureaus of Statistics，1994.
                                                                    collections/incentives-and-support-for-gps-and-general-
           ［7］Australia Government Department of Health. Modified Monash Model
                                                                    practices-in-mm-locations.
               ［EB/OL］.（2021-12-14）［2022-01-02］. https://www.health.
                                                               ［21］刘鸿宇 . 中国西部地区卫生人力资源预测及基层卫生人力激励
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