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http://www.chinagp.net E-mail:zgqkyx@chinagp.net.cn ·3835·
1.Second Clinical Medical College,Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine,Guangzhou 510006,China
2.Pancreas and Anorectal Department,the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine,Guangzhou
510120,China
*
Corresponding author:ZHOU Chunjiao,Chief superintendent nurse;E-mail:gzchunjiao@163.com
【Abstract】 Background Acute kidney injury(AKI) is a common complication and a key poor prognostic factor
in severe acute pancreatitis(SAP). It is rather challengeable to prevent and treat AKI in SAP,but early assessment and
intervention of related risk factors can prevent or delay its development. Objective To systematically analyze the risk factors of
AKI in SAP. Methods Databases of PubMed,Embase,Cochrane Library,Web of Science,CNKI,Wanfang Data,CQVIP
and SinoMed were searched for articles about the risk factors of AKI in SAP from inception to January 2022. Two researchers
independently performed literature screening according to inclusion and exclusion criteria,data extraction,and methodological
quality assessment. RevMan 5.4 and Stata 15.1 were employed for Meta-analysis. Results In total,21 studies were included,
including 3 823 patients. Meta-analysis demonstrated that being male〔OR=1.42,95%CI(1.21,1.68),P<0.001〕,
drinking history〔OR=1.51,95%CI(1.14,2.01),P=0.004],higher APACHE Ⅱ score〔MD=5.69,95%CI(2.95,8.44),
P<0.001〕,Ranson score〔MD=2.58,95%CI(2.27,2.88),P<0.001〕,and CTSI score〔MD=1.48,95%CI(0.17,2.80),
P=0.030〕;increased lencocyte count〔MD=0.96,95%CI(0.47,1.44),P<0.001〕,IL-33〔MD=28.36,95%CI(19.05,
37.67),P<0.001〕,CRP〔MD=17.38,95%CI(12.39,22.38),P<0.001〕,Scr〔MD=49.50,95%CI(24.80,
74.19),P<0.001〕,PCT〔MD=6.74,95%CI(3.36,10.12),P<0.001〕,neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin(NGAL)
〔MD=18.31,95%CI(11.82,24.80),P<0.001〕,and serum lactate〔MD=0.87,95%CI(0.27,1.46),P=0.004〕;
prevalence of hypoxemia〔OR=9.42,95%CI(4.81,18.44),P<0.001〕,hypertension〔OR=1.35,95%CI(1.06,1.72),
P=0.010〕,diabetes〔OR=1.56,95%CI(1.20,2.04),P<0.001〕,and coronary heart disease〔OR=3.20,95%CI(1.41,
7.24),P=0.005〕;use of mechanical ventilation〔OR=5.00,95%CI(2.76,9.07),P<0.001〕;prevalence of shock
〔OR=11.60,95%CI(3.37,39.91),P<0.001〕,infection〔OR=5.78,95%CI(3.10,10.79),P<0.001〕,multiple
organ dysfunction syndrome(MODS)〔OR=7.28,95%CI(3.56,14.88),P<0.001〕,abdominal bleeding〔OR=5.51,
95%CI(1.38,22.09),P=0.020〕,acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS)〔OR=9.61,95%CI(4.14,22.27),
P<0.001〕,and abdominal compartment syndrome(ACS)〔OR=5.79,95%CI(3.75,8.93),P<0.001〕;long stay
in the ICU〔MD=8.77,95%CI(2.76,14.79),P=0.004〕were risk factors of AKI in SAP. Conclusion Male,drinking
history,higher APACHE Ⅱ score,Ranson score and CTSI score,elevated inflammatory markers(lencocyte count,IL-33,
CRP,Scr,PCT,NGAL)and elevated serum lactate,underlying disease prevalence(hypoxemia,hypertension,diabetes,
coronary heart disease),use of mechanical ventilation,prevalence of shock,infection,MODS,abdominal bleeding,
ARDS,and ACS,long stay in the ICU may be risk factors for AKI in SAP. Clinical medical workers should early identify and
intervene SAP patients with the above-mentioned risks,so as to reduce the incidence of AKI.
【Key words】 Pancreatitis;Acute kidney injury;Severe acute pancreatitis;Risk factors;Root cause analysis;
Meta-analysis;Case-control study
重症急性胰腺炎(severe acute pancreatitis,SAP)是伴 者发生 AKI 危险因素的系统评价。因此,本研究拟通过 Meta
有全身及局部并发症的急性胰腺炎,是消化系统的常见危重 分析的方法明确 SAP 患者并发 AKI 的危险因素,识别高危患
症之一,具有病情险恶、并发症多、致死率高等特点 [1] 。 者并尽早进行干预,为预防 SAP 患者发生 AKI 提供循证依据。
急性肾损伤(acute kidney injury,AKI)又称胰性肾病,是 1 资料与方法
SAP 常见并发症之一 [2] 。研究数据显示,AKI 全球每年约 1.1 文献纳入与排除标准 纳入标准:(1)研究类型:病例
有 1 330 万人发病,可造成每年约 170 万人死亡,死亡率达 对照研究、队列研究或横断面研究,语种限定为中文或英文;
12.8% [3] ,反映了 AKI 防治形势的严峻性。AKI 是 SAP 患 (2)研究内容:SAP 患者并发 AKI 的危险因素或预测因素;
者预后不良的重要危险因素,可使患者住院时间延长甚至会 (3)研究对象:SAP 患者;(4)结局指标:SAP 患者发生
增加死亡风险 [4-5] 。国际肾脏病协会(International Society of AKI。AKI 诊断依据:风险 - 损伤 - 衰竭 - 丧失 - 终末期肾病
Nephrology,ISN) [6] 发起了 AKI 的“0 by 25”倡议,致力 (RIFLE)标准、AKI 网络(AKIN)标准或改善全球肾脏病
于在 2025 年之前消除可预防性的 AKI。鉴于此,积极找出导 预后组织(KDIGO)标准 [6] 。RIFLE 标准将 AKI 分为风险、
致 SAP 患者并发 AKI 的原因,对改善 SAP 患者预后、降低死 损伤、衰竭、丧失和终末期肾病(ESRD)5 期;AKIN 标准将
亡率具有重要意义。近年来国内外多位学者对 SAP 患者并发 AKI 分为风险、损伤、衰竭 3 期;KDIGO 标准根据肌酐和尿
AKI 的危险因素进行了探讨,但各研究之间存在样本量小、 量将 AKI 分为 1、2、3 期 [7] 。排除标准:(1)SAP 发病前
危险因素不全面、结果不一致的问题,且无全面总结 SAP 患 已有肾脏基础疾病的患者;(2)既往有慢性胰腺炎病史的患者;