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searched from inception to December 2020 for studies regarding bone metabolism and OSAHS in Chinese adults(aged ≥ 18
years) in which those with and without OSAHS were classified as OSAHS and control groups,respectively(OSAHS was
diagnosed based on the Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnea Syndrome). Outcome
indicators include one or more bone metabolism indicators. Three researchers independently performed literature screening and
data extraction. Two researchers independently performed the quality appraisal using the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for
Analytical Cross Sectional Studies. Data were analyzed using Stata 15.1. Results Ten studies were included,with a total of 898
participants,and 653 of whom had OSAHS. Nine were cross-sectional studies and one was a quasi-experimental study. According
to the JBI quality assessment tool,the nine cross-sectional studies were of high quality on items 1 to 5,and 4 of which did not
control for the confounding factors. Based on the Meta-analysis,compared to the control group,OSAHS group had lower lumbar
BMD 〔SMD(95%CI)=-1.758 (-2.300,-1.217)〕,lower femoral neck BMD〔SMD(95%CI)=-1.260 (-1.949,
-0.571)〕,higher β-CTX〔SMD(95%CI)=0.803 (0.122,1.484)〕,and higher P1NP〔SMD(95%CI)=0.820 (0.318,
1.321)〕. Apnea-hypopnea index had a negative correlation with lumbar BMD〔r(95%CI)=-0.36 (-0.57,-0.12)〕 and
positive correlations with β-CTX〔r(95%CI)=0.39 (0.29,0.47)〕and P1NP〔r(95%CI)=0.36 (0.16,0.53)〕.
Conclusion Among Chinese adults without underlying conditions,OSAHS may reduce BMD by increasing bone resorption,
thereby elevating the risk of osteoporosis or fractures.
【Key words】 Sleep apnea,obstructive;Apnea hypopnea index;Bone density;Bone metabolism;Systematic
review;Meta-analysis
阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(obstructive sleep PubMed、Embase、CINAHL、Web of Science、Google Scholar、
apnea hypopnea syndrome,OSAHS)是一种以慢性、间歇性 中国知网、中国生物医学文献服务系统(SinoMed)、维普网、
缺氧为主要特征的睡眠呼吸疾病,临床表现为打鼾且鼾声不 万方数据知识服务平台,检索时限为建库至 2020 年 12 月。
规律、反复憋醒、日间嗜睡、全身疲劳等 [1] ,临床上多以 中文检索词:阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征及其近
睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数(apnea hypopnea index,AHI)作 义词或同义词,如阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征、睡眠呼吸暂
为 OSAHS 严重程度的判定标准。国外报道的 OSAHS 患病率 停综合征或呼吸暂停综合征;骨代谢有关的术语,如骨密度、
为 9%~38% [2] ,我国成人 OSAHS 患病率约为 3.9%,男性患 骨质疏松、骨量、骨健康、骨折或骨流失。
病率明显高于女性(5.7% 比 2.2%),中老年人和肥胖者患病 英 文 检 索 词:(1)sleep apnea,sleep apnea syndrome,
率更高 [3-4] 。既往研究显示,OSAHS 是多种心血管疾病(如 sleep hypopnea,mixed central and obstructive sleep apnea,mixed
高血压、卒中)和代谢性疾病(如肥胖、糖尿病)的危险因 sleep apnea,hypersomnia with periodic respiration,obstructive
素 [5-6] 。 sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome,OSAHS,OSA,or OSAS;
骨代谢紊乱作为公认的健康问题,其原因和发病机制是 (2)bone density,bone mineral density,bone mineral content,
近年来的研究热点 [7] 。正常骨代谢表现为成骨细胞和破骨细 BMD,osteoporosis,fracture,bone fracture,broken bone,bone
胞之间的动态平衡,任何破坏这一平衡状态的因素均可造成 mass,bone loss,or bone health。
骨代谢紊乱 [8-10] 。既往研究提示,OSAHS 可通过间歇性缺 采用主题词和自由词相结合、匹配截词符的方式进
氧、氧化应激、维生素 D 水平改变等参与骨代谢 [11] ,西方 行 检 索, 以 PubMed 为 例, 检 索 式 为:(("Sleep Apnea
学者也发现 OSAHS 与骨代谢紊乱相关 [8,12] 。近期一篇综述 Syndromes"[Mesh]) OR ("Sleep Apnea Syndrome*"[Title/
对 OSAHS 与骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)的关系进行 Abstract] OR "Sleep Hypopnea*"[Title/Abstract] OR "Sleep
了回顾,但其纳入了伴有基础疾病的人群(如糖尿病)或绝 Apnea*"[Title/Abstract] OR "Mixed Central and Obstructive
经后女性,以上人群因为疾病或体内激素改变本身就存在骨 Sleep Apnea"[Title/Abstract] OR "Mixed Sleep Apnea*"[Title/
代谢紊乱,可能是影响 OSAHS 与骨代谢关系的混杂因素 [13] 。 Abstract] OR "Hypersomnia with Periodic Respiration"[Title/
此外,亚洲人群(包括中国人群)在 OSAHS 的发生、发展及 Abstract] OR "Sleep Disordered Breathing"[Title/Abstract] OR
骨代谢方面具有自身的生理特点,例如亚洲人群颌面部解剖 OSAHS[Title/Abstract] OR OSA[Title/Abstract]))AND(("Bone
与欧、美洲人群不同,OSAHS 患病率亦不同 [14-15] ;亚洲人 Density"[Mesh]) OR ("Bone Densit*"[Title/Abstract]
群 BMD 与西方人群 BMD 也有显著差异 [16-18] 。因此,有必要 OR "Bone Mineral Densit*"[Title/Abstract] OR "Bone Mineral
聚焦于未合并其他疾病的中国人群,对相关文献证据进行系 Content*"[Title/Abstract] OR osteoporosis*[Title/Abstract]
统回顾,为预防骨代谢疾病提供新思路。与既往综述类似 [13] , OR "bone loss"[Title/Abstract] OR "bone health"[Title/
本综述采用了 Meta 分析量化 OSAHS 与骨代谢的关系强度, Abstract] OR fracture*[Title/Abstract] OR "bone
进而为今后的干预性研究提供借鉴。 fracture*"[Title/Abstract] OR "broken bone*"[Title/Abstract]
1 资料与方法 OR "bone mass"[Title/Abstract]))。
1.1 检索策略 本研究按照 PRISMA 指南进行 [19] 。检索 1.2 文献纳入和排除标准 纳入标准:(1)研究对象:根据