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           was conducted after 24-week treatment in terms of levels of 24-hour urine protein,blood urea nitrogen,serum creatinine,
           serum IgE,IgG,and serum inflammatory markers,as well as fecal flora changes and fecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations.
           Results A total of 93 cases(46 in routine group,and 47 in intervention group) who completed the therapeutic follow-up
           were included for final analysis. Both groups had no statistically significant differences in sex ratio,mean age,BMI,baseline
           levels of systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,hemoglobin,serum albumin,serum creatinine,complement C3
           and complement C4(P>0.05). At the end of treatment,the intervention group demonstrated lower mean Systemic Lupus
           Erythematosus Disease Activity Indexof Renal(P<0.05). The 24-hour urinary protein,blood urea nitrogen and serum
           creatinine decreased notably in both groups at the end of 4,12 and 24 weeks of treatment (P<0.05),and the 24-hour urinary
           protein and blood urea nitrogen in intervention group at the end of 24-week treatment were even more lower (P<0.05). When
           the 24-week treatment ended,serum IgE and IgG levels decreased notably in both groups (P<0.05),and they deceased
           even more significantly in intervention group (P<0.05). Moreover,serum C-reactive protein,IL-6 and TNF-α decreased
           significantly in both groups (P<0.05),and they deceased even more significantly in the intervention group (P<0.05). Linear
           discriminant analysis effect size analysis indicated that at baseline,harmful gut flora such as Helicobacter pylori,Clostridium,
           and Enterococcus,significantly increased while Verrucomicrobia and other beneficial gut flora significantly decreased in all
           participants. After the 24-week treatment,the above-mentioned harmful gut flora decreased and beneficial gut flora increased in
           all participants,and such changes were more significant in the intervention group. Fecal acetic acid,propionic acid,and butyric
           acid increased significantly in all participants compared to the baseline levels,and they increased even more significantly in the
           intervention group(P<0.05). Conclusion Adjuvant treatment of lupus nephritis with probiotics could promote the recovery
           of renal function,by elevating the abundance of Akkermansiaceae,contents of fecal acetic acid,propionic acid,and butyric
           acid,and lowering serum immunoglobulin.
               【Key words】 Culturelle;Lupus nephritis;Enteric bacteria;Short chain fatty acids;Treatment outcome


               狼疮肾炎(LN)是系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)严重的                        理批号:XNXY-2019-0105)。
           并发症之一,临床可出现单纯性蛋白尿、血尿、氮质血                            1.2 研究设计 采用隐匿数字随机法将 LN 患者分为常
           症、高血压和水肿等,常表现为慢性肾小球肾炎和肾病                            规治疗组和干预治疗组,每组各 49 例。常规治疗组使
           综合征,LN 患者随着病程延长易发生终末期肾脏病,                           用激素、羟氯喹和血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(ACEI)
           严重威胁患者生命健康          [1-2] 。有研究发现肠道菌群紊乱              治疗(常规治疗);干预治疗组在常规治疗组治疗
           与 LN 进程关系密切,LN 患者肠道菌群具有明显促炎                         基础上,给予双歧杆菌四联活菌片 1.5 g 口服,3 次 /d。
           作用,易导致自身免疫功能障碍的特征性改变                     [3] 。有     随访 24 周。
           研究显示,在 LN 经典模型 MRL/lpr 小鼠中,口服乳杆                     1.3 观察指标
           菌可明显改善雌鼠和阉割雄鼠的肾功能及其存活率                     [4] 。    1.3.1 治疗前一般资料与临床指标 患者接受治疗前
           因此,本研究旨在探讨益生菌干预治疗 LN 的临床疗效,                         1 d,记录患者一般资料,包括性别、年龄、体质指数
           并观察其对肾功能改善、肠道菌群变化以及短链脂肪酸                           (BMI)、收缩压和舒张压;检测血红蛋白、血清白蛋白、
           的影响。                                                血肌酐(Scr)、补体 C3 和补体 C4。
           1 对象与方法                                             1.3.2 临床疗效评价 患者治疗前和治疗 24 周后,采
           1.1 研究对象 选取 2019—2020 年于湘南学院附属医                     用 R-SLEDAI 评分评估疾病的活动性 , 评分越高代表病
           院收治的Ⅳ型和Ⅴ型 LN 患者。纳入标准:(1)符合                          情越严重。
                                                    [5]
           2019年美国风湿病协会制定的SLE分类诊断标准 ;(2)                       1.3.3 实验室检查指标 患者接受治疗前和治疗 4、
           年龄 18~65 岁;(3)经肾活检确诊,参照 SLE 肾脏疾                     12、24 周后检测 24 h 尿蛋白定量、尿素氮(BUN)、
           病活动指数(R-SLEDAI)评分         [6] 评估为静止组的患者。            Scr、免疫球蛋白(Ig)E 和 IgG 水平。患者接受治疗前
           排除标准:(1)合并其他自身免疫系统疾病;(2)合                           和治疗 24 周后采用酶联免疫吸附法检测血清 C 反应蛋
           并肿瘤性疾病;(3)合并急慢性感染、重大创伤、手                            白(CRP)、白介素(IL) -6、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α
           术等;(4)合并其他系统引起的肾脏病变,如高血压、                           水平。
           糖尿病等引起的肾脏病变;(5)合并其他脏器严重疾病,                          1.3.4 肠道菌群检测 选取同期本院体检中心体检健康
           如心脏、肺、肝脏、消化系统、神经系统等严重疾病。                            者 16 例作为健康志愿者。收集健康志愿者、LN 患者(患
               本研究共纳入 98 例 LN 患者,纳入患者均知情同意。                    者治疗前)、常规治疗组治疗 24 周后、干预治疗组治
           本研究经过湘南学院附属医院伦理委员会审批通过(伦                            疗 24 周后的粪便。(1)取粪便约 2 g,装入 2 ml 无菌
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