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·526· http: //www.chinagp.net E-mail: zgqkyx@chinagp.net.cn February 2023, Vol.26 No.5
6. Function Department of Hunan Provincial People's Hospital,Changsha 410002,China
7. Primary Medical Service Department of the First People's Hospital of Yinchuan,Yinchuan 750001,China
【Abstract】 In China,the overall prevalence and incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) continues to increase,
and the mortality rate from CVD in rural areas has exceeded that in urban areas recently. Remote ECG-based screening for
CVD risk is a beneficial supplement for CVD risk screening in primary hospitals,but there are many difficulties during its
implementation,which mainly include the following aspects:how to improve the awareness and credibility of remote ECG-
based screening for CVD risk and sense of gain in residents? How to incentivize primary physicians to actively participate in the
screening? How to improve insufficient management ability and experience of primary physicians who can only provide single
screening and communication services? How to build a collaborative mechanism between primary and higher level hospitals
involved in delivering referral services,and to provide continuous services by establishing multiple teams consisting of screening
team,diagnosis team,evaluation team,treatment team and follow-up management team? To address these issues,we invited
a group of experts to attend discussions,in which the following recommended solutions were put forward:using various resources
rationally and efficiently;strengthening the division of labor and cooperation between team members to improve hierarchical
diagnosis and treatment;giving full play to the capacities of nursing and public health teams to develop different screening
programmes;strengthening the technical support of experts from higher level medical institutions for primary doctors,and
increasing the social benefits of primary hospitals;carrying out workplace training to improve the professional level of primary
care workers;integrating Internet technologies into primary care to enable referrals;building a big data database of cases;
constructing medical and health groups with clear defined division of labor and cooperation.
【Key words】 Cardiovascular diseases;Telemedicine;Electrocardiography;General Practitioners
目前,我国绝大多数医疗机构建设并使用着基于 进行早期识别与诊断。因此心电图检查不仅是诊断
医院信息管理系统(HIS)、检验信息管理系统(LIS)、 疾病的主要依据,对急性心肌梗死的定性、病变部
医学图像存储与通讯系统(PACS)等的信息与影像 位判断以及病情评估等也具有无可替代的作用。
管理系统。但是作为检查量最大的项目,心电图检 由于心律失常是心源性猝死的重要原因之一,而
查却在多数医疗机构中仍停留在以单机检查、单机 心电图检查是诊断心律失常的“金标准”,对于潜
打印、手写报告为主的模式。在医疗事业快速发展 在的心律失常患者及存在可能诱发心律失常的疾病
的今日,此种模式越发难以满足医院“多样化”与“信 的患者进行远程心电监测具有重要意义,可及早发
息化”的工作要求。部分提前布局建设并实施心电 现并干预心律失常,减少猝死发生。远程心电监测
网络系统的医疗机构,自行或依托第三方广为建设心 可长时间记录海量心电数据,基本不影响患者的日
电医联体,常以三级医院为龙头,辐射到各二级和基 常生活,还能通过人工智能算法及早发现异常心电
层医疗卫生机构,心电网络系统将各种心电检查设 并发出警报,使医生能对患者进行及时处理。在慢
备联网,实现心电检查资料的集中存储和远程共享、 性病管理中,心房颤动是一种常见的心律失常,更是
方便培训与会诊。而在数据存储规划、数据在线存储 缺血性卒中最主要的独立危险因素之一。《中国心
年限、云数据安全和远程数据调用的迅捷性等方面, 血管健康与疾病报告 2021 概要》报告显示,2019 年
全国尚缺乏统一的质控标准。此外不同心电图设备 心血管疾病(CVD)患者达 3.3 亿,其中心房颤动患
的传输格式、心电算法不统一,导致心电数据的兼 者便超过 487 万 [1] 。但是,目前我国对缺血性卒中 / 短
容性存在问题。因此目前国内远程心电网络系统的 暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)患者合并心房颤动的诊断率
采集终端以心电采集盒为主,兼容性好,使用便捷, 仍偏低。国外研究显示,无心房颤动病史的缺血性
但缺点是采样率参差不齐,如采样率过低则会导致 脑卒中及 TIA 患者心房颤动的诊断率仅为 1.3%,阵
波形描记点过少,易造成图形失真。 发性心房颤动的诊断率尤其低,因阵发性心房颤动
对于急性胸痛患者来说,部分患者的胸痛可能预 发作时可无症状或症状轻微,诊断相对困难 [2] 。指
示着严重的疾病,如急性心肌梗死、主动脉夹层、 南推荐对不明原因的缺血性卒中 /TIA 患者,或考虑
急性肺动脉栓塞等,此类疾病若不能尽快明确诊断 心源性卒中但未查到其他病因时,应进行 24 h 常规
并采取规范治疗,将随时威胁患者生命。基层医疗 动态心电图监测,延长心电监测能进一步提高对阵
卫生机构由于缺乏通过快速检验协助诊断的渠道, 发性心房颤动的检出率 [3] 。
而主要依靠心电图改变及动态演变结合症状和病史 CVD 患病率和发病率仍在持续增高,《中国心