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           in residency,analyze the effect of residency on the pass rate of the practicing physician's examination for CSP graduates,and
           explore the significance of residency on the training of CSP graduates and the rural primary health workforce,so as to provide
           policy recommendations for the high-quality training of CSP graduates. Methods Starting in 2015,a cohort of CSP graduates
           was established from a total of 4 colleges undertaking CSP training programs in 3 provinces in the Midwest of China,and 1∶1
           general clinical graduates who graduated the same year were selected as controls and followed up annually. Descriptive analysis was
           used to show the status of CSP graduates' participation in residency,the pass rate of the examination for practicing physicians,
           and to compare them with those of general clinical graduates. Stratified Cox regression was used to analyze the effect of attending
           residency on the pass rate of practicing physician exams. Results 86.69%(228/263),86.78%(361/416),87.79%(381/434),
           91.08%(388/426),94.43%(356/377) of the 2015—2019 CSP graduates stated that they were willing to participate in
           training after graduation,and 72.20%(200/277),58.75%(151/257),70.42%(169/240),73.23%(145/198),
           61.03%(83/136) of the same general clinical graduates stated that they were willing to participate in training after graduation.
           The actual participation proportions of CSP graduates in 2015—2019 in residency were 99.02%(202/204),97.10%(301/310),
           94.99%(322/339),89.91%(285/317),69.45%(241/347),67.57%(100/148),66.12%(80/121),74.79%
           (89/119),43.33%(39/90),34.62%(27/78),respectively. The pass rate of practicing physician examination in 2015—
           2017 CSP graduates reached 99.23%(259/261),94.86%(351/370),91.74%(311/339),while the pass rate of same
           general clinical students was 97.74%(173/177),95.87%(116/121),88.24%(105/119),respectively. Cox regression
           results showed that after adjusting for demographic variables,family economic status,intention of studying medicine,
           medical education,and factors related to attending the residency,the probability of attending the residency group passing the
           practitioner's examination was 1.232 times higher than that of not attending the residency group 〔95%CI(1.02,1.49),
           P=0.03〕. Conclusion CSP graduates' willingness to participate in residency training,the proportion of participation,and the
           pass rate of the qualifying examination for practicing physicians were all high. Participating in residency training can improve the
           ability of medical graduates and has a promoting effect on passing the qualifying examination of practicing physicians.
               【Key words】 General practitioners;Target admission medical graduates;Education,medical;Standardized
           residency training;Practicing physician examination


               为解决我国农村基层医疗卫生机构卫生人才短缺                           师资格考试的影响,探究住培对农村基层全科医学
           的问题,2010 年国家发展和改革委员会等四部门出                           人才发展的意义,为促进我国基层全科医学人才队
           台了《关于开展农村订单定向医学生免费培养工作的                             伍高质量培养提供政策建议。
           实施意见》(发改社会〔2010〕1198 号),提出为                         1 对象与方法
           中西部每个乡镇卫生院免费培养 1 名从事全科医疗的                           1.1 研究对象 本研究数据来源于中华医学基金会
           卫生人才。10 年来共计招收订单定向医学生 6 万余                          资助的“订单定向医学生队列研究”项目 2015—
           人,2021 年中央财政支持的订单定向五年制本科医                           2020 年的调查数据。该项目采取抽样调查方式,在
           学生达 6 499 人   [1] ,为农村基层储备提供了大量优                    中西部选取江西、青海和广西 3 个省,各省分别选
           质卫生人才。2015 年,教育部等六部门发布《关于                           取 1~2 所承担国家订单定向免费医学生培养计划的
           进一步做好农村订单定向医学生免费培养工作的意                              医学院,共抽取青海大学、广西医科大学、九江学院、
           见》(教高〔2015〕6 号),明确继续实施订单定向                          赣南医学院 4 所院校。自 2015 年起,采用自填问卷
           培养计划,并要求订单定向医学生完成 5 年本科医学                           的方式,在 4 所院校的订单定向毕业生中建立队列,
           教育后须参加 3 年全科专业住院医师规范化培训(简                           并同时按照 1 ∶ 1 的班级比例选取同年毕业的普通临
           称住培),并将 3 年住培时间计入农村 6 年服务期。                         床毕业生作为对照。截至目前,本项目已在 2015—
           该意见旨在提升农村订单定向医学生培养的质量,                              2019 届毕业生中建立 5 个毕业生队列,每年对队列
           培养高素质基层全科人才。目前订单定向医学生研                              进行跟踪随访。本研究中选取的研究对象为 4 所院
           究多关注培养模式、基层工作、履约情况等                      [2-4] ,    校 5 届(2015—2019 届)订单定向和普通临床毕业生,
           缺乏关于其参加住培的研究,更缺乏订单定向毕业                              剔除正在读研、待业、无工作在准备读研者。
           生与普通临床毕业生的对比。基于此,本研究旨在                              1.2 研究方法 关于抽样、基线队列建立、随访、质
           描述订单定向毕业生参加住培的现状,并与普通临                              量控制等在课题组以前发表的文章中已有详述                      [5-7] 。
           床毕业生进行对比,分析住培对毕业生通过执业医                              截至 2020 年 9 月,课题组已经对 19 届完成 1 次随
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