Page 24 - 2022-19-中国全科医学
P. 24

http://www.chinagp.net   E-mail:zgqkyx@chinagp.net.cn  ·2325·


                                              ·热点关注·安宁疗护专题研究(一)·


           韩国安宁疗护立法经验及其对我国的启示



                 *
           刘兰秋 ,赵越                                                                            扫描二维码
                                                                                               查看原文
               【摘要】 韩国于 2016 年制定了《关于临终关怀·缓和医疗及临终期患者的延命医疗决定的法案》(简称《安
           宁疗护法》),该法明确了安宁疗护的含义与前提,规定了国家和政府在安宁疗护发展中的责任和义务,搭建了韩国
           安宁疗护服务体系的框架,对推进韩国安宁疗护事业发展、保护终末期患者的善终权益具有重要意义。本文通过介绍
           韩国《安宁疗护法》的主要内容及其实施后取得的成效,旨在为推进我国安宁疗护立法工作提供建议。我国宜明确安
           宁疗护的权利属性,在条件成熟时制定安宁疗护单行法,构建政府主导型的安宁疗护体系,肯定“无效医疗”的理念,
           并规定安宁疗护服务利用的流程,以为安宁疗护事业的改革创新和高质量发展提供全方位、精细化的法治保障,进而
           助力实现终末期患者的健康临终。
               【关键词】 临终关怀和姑息治疗护理;立法;经验;健康临终;韩国
               【中图分类号】 R 197 R 473.51 【文献标识码】 A DOI:10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2022.0255
               刘兰秋,赵越 . 韩国安宁疗护立法经验及其对我国的启示[J]. 中国全科医学,2022,25(19):2325-2329,
           2335.[www.chinagp.net]
               LIU L Q,ZHAO Y. Hospice care legislation in South Korea and its implications for China[J]. Chinese General Practice,
           2022,25(19):2325-2329,2335.

                                                                            *
           Hospice Care Legislation in South Korea and Its Implications for China LIU Lanqiu ,ZHAO Yue
           School of Medical Humanities,Capital Medical University,Beijing 100069,China
           *
           Corresponding author:LIU Lanqiu,Professor,Doctoral supervisor;E-mail:ghmllq@126.com
               【Abstract】 The Act on Decisions on Life-sustaining Treatment for Patients in Hospice and Palliative Care or at the End
           of Life(hereinafter referred to as the Hospice Care Act)enacted by South Korea in 2016,clearly defines the definition of hospice
           care and the premise of implementing hospice care,stipulates the hospice care responsibilities and liabilities for the country's
           government,and sets up the framework of the hospice care system,which is of great significance to promote the development of
           hospice care and to protect the rights and interests of passing away peacefully in end-of-life patients in South Korea. We introduced
           the main contents of the Hospice Care Act,and the achievements obtained in South Korea since its implementation,aiming at
           providing insights into the promotion of hospice care legislation in China. To provide an all-round and refined legal protection for
           hospice care reform,innovation and high-quality development in China to support healthy dying in end-of-life patients,we put
           forward the following recommendations:clarifying the rights for hospice care patients,enacting specific regulations on hospice
           care when conditions are ripe,building a government-led hospice care system,affirming the concept of ineffective medical
           treatment,and stipulating the process of utilization of hospice care.
               【Key words】 Hospice and palliative care nursing;Legislation;Experience;Healthy dying;South Korea


               21 世纪以来,韩国人口老龄化程度不断加深,死                         无法终结韩国社会对于死亡权利的争议,应该通过立
           亡人数逐年攀升。仅以癌症死亡人数为例,2008 年                           法明确   [2] 。2016-01-08,韩国国会通过《关于临终关
           韩国共有 68 912 人因癌症死亡,2015 年增至 76 855                  怀·缓和医疗及临终期患者的延命医疗决定的法案》
           例 [1] 。在此背景下,韩国各界对终末期医疗展开了持                         (Act on Decisions on Life-sustaining Treatment for Patients
           续而广泛的争论,围绕终末期医疗实践也发生了多起诉                            in Hospice and Palliative Care or at the End of Life)。因该
           讼案件。韩国大法院指出,仅依靠大法院的司法判决                             法明确规定了“Hospice and Palliative Care”的法定含义,
                                                               且“Hospice”“Palliative Care”两词在整部法律中未被
               基金项目:国家社会科学基金项目(21STA052)——《基本医                 独立使用,加之本研究主要介绍该法关于临终关怀和缓
           疗卫生与健康促进法》实施中的关键法律问题研究
               100069 北京市,首都医科大学医学人文学院                         和医疗的主要内容,而我国 2017-07-07 起将舒缓医疗、
               *
               通信作者:刘兰秋,教授,博士生导师;                              临终关怀、姑息治疗等统称为安宁疗护                  [3] ,故本研究
               E-mail:ghmllq@126.com
               本文数字出版日期:2022-05-12                             将“Hospice and Palliative Care” 称为“安宁疗护”,
   19   20   21   22   23   24   25   26   27   28   29