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·热点关注·安宁疗护专题研究(一)·
英国和美国社区居家安宁疗护服务模式
及其对我国的启示
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赵越,刘兰秋 * 查看原文
【摘要】 社区居家安宁疗护服务是安宁疗护服务的重要组成部分,以社区居家安宁疗护服务为中心是安宁疗护
服务发展的方向。英国与美国作为开展社区居家安宁疗护服务较早的国家,在社区居家安宁疗护服务的患者准入标准、
服务团队与服务内容、经费保障等方面都积累了较为丰富的经验,也建立起了相对健全的社区居家安宁疗护服务体系。
我国可适当借鉴英国和美国社区居家安宁疗护服务的发展经验,制定适合我国的社区居家安宁疗护服务的患者准入标
准,加强多学科安宁疗护团队建设,将非药物疗法纳入社区居家安宁疗护服务范畴,实行按床日付费的支付方式,使
疾病终末期患者能在其熟悉的环境中安详、有尊严地离世,保障其善终权益。
【关键词】 临终关怀和姑息治疗护理;卫生保健改革;健康老龄化;国家医疗卫生体系;基本医疗卫生服务;
英国;美国
【中图分类号】 R 473.51 【文献标识码】 A DOI:10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2022.0256
赵越,刘兰秋 . 英国和美国社区居家安宁疗护服务模式及其对我国的启示[J]. 中国全科医学,2022,25(19):
2330-2335.[www.chinagp.net]
ZHAO Y,LIU L Q. The model of community home-based hospice care delivery in the United Kingdom and the United
States and its enlightenment to China[J]. Chinese General Practice,2022,25(19):2330-2335.
The Model of Community Home-based Hospice Care Delivery in the United Kingdom and the United States and Its
Enlightenment to China ZHAO Yue,LIU Lanqiu *
School of Medical Humanities,Capital Medical University,Beijing 100069,China
*
Corresponding author:LIU Lanqiu,Professor,Doctoral supervisor;E-mail:ghmllq@126.com
【Abstract】 Community home-based hospice care service plays an important role in hospice care service. Focusing on
community home-based hospice care is the future direction of hospice care service development. As the early countries to develop
community home-based hospice care delivery,the United Kingdom and the United States have accumulated rich experience in
patient admission standard,service team and content,and funding guarantee of community home-based hospice care delivery,
a relatively sound community home-based hospice care delivery system has been established in these two countries. China can
appropriately learn from the development experience of community home-based hospice care in the United Kingdom and the United
States,in order to formulate the admission standards of community home-based hospice care,strengthen the construction of
multidisciplinary hospice care teams,incorporate the non-drug therapy into the scope of community home-based hospice care,
implement the payment method of per-diem,so that the patients can die peacefully and dignifiedly in a familiar environment with
their hospice rights protected.
【Key words】 Hospice and palliative care nursing;Health care reform;Healthy aging;National health system;Basic
medical and health services;The United Kingdom;The United States
家是临终患者心灵的重要寄托,研究显示,家作为 终患者及其照护者提供缓和性和支持性的照顾 [2] 。社
患者最熟悉的环境,是晚期癌症患者等临终患者最倾向 区居家安宁疗护服务因具有不脱离患者生活场域、患者
的死亡地点 [1] 。社区居家安宁疗护,是指以社区为基 满意度较高和节省医疗卫生资源等优点,已经成为很多
础的安宁疗护服务团队为本区域内居住在自己家中的临 国家和地区安宁疗护服务体系的重要组成部分。建立健
全社区居家安宁疗护服务,可以为临终患者群体有尊严
基金项目:国家社会科学基金项目(21STA052)——《基本医
疗卫生与健康促进法》实施中的关键法律问题研究 地在家人身边度过人生最后一程提供保障。本文在介绍
100069 北京市,首都医科大学医学人文学院 英国和美国社区居家安宁疗护服务模式的基础上,总结
*
通信作者:刘兰秋,教授,博士生导师;E-mail:ghmllq@126.com
本文数字出版日期:2022-05-26 其经验,得出完善我国社区居家安宁疗护服务的启示。