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           中老年人日常生活活动能力减弱情况及影响因素研究



           熊保盈,刘太一,陈婷           *                                                               扫描二维码
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               【摘要】 背景 随着健康老龄化理念不断深化,我国中老年人日常生活活动能力(ADL)成为研究的热点之
           一,但现有研究侧重 ADL 减弱的影响因素分析,缺少对中老年人 ADL 减弱变化过程的探究。目的 了解中老年人
           衰老过程中 ADL 减弱的发生情况,并探究 ADL 减弱的影响因素。方法 于 2021 年 3 月,基于中国健康与养老追踪
           调查(CHARLS)2011、2013、2015、2018 年的数据,将 2011—2013、2013—2015、2015—2018 年截面基期 ADL 未
           减弱且≥ 45 岁的 11 439 例受试者纳入研究。以是否发生 ADL 减弱为因变量,以人口学特征、健康状况、资源可及
           性、社会心理等因素共 13 项指标为自变量,采用面板 Logit 模型分析中老年人 ADL 减弱发生的影响因素。结果
           2011—2013、2013—2015、2015—2018 年各有 1 829、1 758、1 215 例中老年发生 ADL 减弱,ADL 减弱的发生率分别
           为 44.53%、40.43% 和 40.72%。面板 Logit 回归结果显示,年龄、性别、居住地、受教育程度、患慢性病种数、是否
           摔倒、是否感到身体疼痛、是否使用辅助设备、ln(人均收入)和沮丧得分是我国中老年人发生 ADL 减弱的影响因素
           (P<0.05)。结论 影响中老年人 ADL 减弱的因素有年龄、受教育程度、患慢性病种数、辅助设备使用情况、人均收
           入和沮丧等。为缓解中老年人 ADL 减弱,应推动公共服务体系建设,加强中老年人的慢性病管理,鼓励康复市场的发展,
           增加特定人群的医疗补助,重视中老年人的心理健康。
               【关键词】 日常生活活动能力;中老年人;面板 Logit 回归;影响因素分析
               【中图分类号】 R 161.7 【文献标识码】 A DOI:10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2022.0131
               熊保盈,刘太一,陈婷 . 中老年人日常生活活动能力减弱情况及影响因素研究[J]. 中国全科医学,2022,25(16):
           1950-1955. [www.chinagp.net]
               XIONG B Y,LIU T Y,CHEN T. Prevalence and associated factors of decline in activities of daily living among middle-
           aged and older adults[J]. Chinese General Practice,2022,25(16):1950-1955.

           Prevalence and Associated Factors of Decline in Activities of Daily Living among Middle-aged and Older Adults
           XIONG Baoying,LIU Taiyi,CHEN Ting *
           School of Public Health/Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control,Wuhan University of
           Science and Technology,Wuhan 430065,China
           *
           Corresponding author:CHEN Ting,Associate professor;E-mail:chent41@wust.edu.cn
               【Abstract】 Background Along with the advance in the concept of healthy aging,the activities of daily living (ADL)
           in middle-aged and older Chinese adults has become a research focus. However,factors associated with the impairment of ADL in
           this group have been assessed in most of available studies while the changes in the process of ADL impairment have been scarcely
           explored. Objective To assess the prevalence and associated factors of decline in ADL during the aging process of middle-aged
           and older adults. Methods This study was conducted in March 2021. Data were collected from the four waves(2011,2013,
           2015,and 2018) of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS),involving 11 439 individuals(  ≥ 45
           years old) with normal baseline ADL followed up during 2011—2013,2013—2015,or 2015—2018. Panel-data multinomial
           logit model was used to assess the associations of 13 factors(defined as independent variables,including demographics,health
           status,resource accessibility,and social psychology) with the decline in ADL(defined as dependent variable) in these
           people over the follow-up period. Results The numbers of cases of declined ADL over the three follow-up periods (2011—
           2013,2013—2015,and 2015—2018) were 1 829(44.53%),1 758(40.43%),1 215(40.72%),respectively.
           Multinomial logit regression analysis indicated that age,gender,place of residence,education level,number of chronic
           diseases,prevalence of falls,prevalence of perceived pain,use of auxiliary equipment,natural logarithm of personal income
           per capita,and level of depression were associated with the decline in ADL (P<0.05). Conclusion The decline in ADL in
               基金项目:国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(71503090)
               430065 湖北省武汉市,武汉科技大学医学院公共卫生学院 职业危害识别与控制湖北省重点实验室
               *
               通信作者:陈婷,副教授;E-mail:chent41@wust.edu.cn
               本文数字出版日期:2022-05-05
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