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people. Methods PubMed,Cochrane,Embase,Web of Science,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Wanfang Data
Knowledge Service Platform,and VIP Chinese Science and Technology Journal Full-text Database were retrieve by computer for
randomized controlled trials on the effects of resistance training on cardiovascular risk factors in middle-aged and older people
published from the date of establishment to 2021-08-31. The retrieved literatures were screened and data extracted,including the
first author,the year of publication,general characteristics of the study population,resistance training protocols and outcome
indicators. The bias risk assessment tool of Cochrane system evaluation manual was used to evaluate the bias risk of literature.
Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software,including the statistics of combined effect size,heterogeneity test,
sensitivity analysis,and subgroup analysis. Publication bias of included studies was analyzed using Stata 16.0 software,using
Egger's test. Results Fifteen papers with 476 observations were included. Meta-analysis showed that,resistance training
were superior to control group in decreasing C-reactive protein〔SMD(95%CI)=-0.67(-0.89,-0.46),P<0.01〕,total
cholesterol〔SMD(95%CI)=-0.37(-0.66,-0.08),P=0.01〕,triglyceride〔SMD(95%CI)=-0.29(-0.53,-0.05),
P=0.02〕,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol〔SMD(95%CI)=-0.37(-0.67,-0.06),P=0.02〕 and improving high-
density lipoprotein cholesterol levels〔SMD(95%CI)=0.33(0.09,0.57),P<0.01〕. Subgroup analysis showed that C-reactive
protein and total cholesterol levels were lower in the resistance training group than in the control group at training duration ≤ 12
weeks,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05). In both the training intensity of high intensity and the chronic disease
population,C-reactive protein levels were lower in the resistance training group than in the control group and high-density
lipoprotein cholesterol levels were higher,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05). Conclusion Resistance training
has been shown to be effective in reducing cardiovascular risk factors,reducing chronic inflammation and improving dyslipidaemia
in the middle-aged and older population.
【Key words】 Resistance training;Middle-aged and older people;Cardiovascular system;Inflammation;
Dyslipidemias;Meta-analysis
心血管疾病(cardiovascular disease,CVD)作为影响心
本文要点:
脏和血管解剖生理的循环系统疾病,以高血压、缺血性心脏 (1)与不进行运动的对照组比较,抗阻运动可以降低
病、心力衰竭、脑血管病(卒中)、周围血管疾病等常见 [1] 。
中老年人群的 C 反应蛋白、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、低密度脂
美国心脏病协会报告 CVD 是全球主要的死亡原因,死亡率正
蛋白胆固醇水平,升高其高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平,抗阻运
逐年升高,且超过半数 CVD 的死亡原因与糖尿病、高血压、 动具有减轻慢性炎性反应、改善血脂的效果。(2)抗阻运
血脂异常等危险因素相关 [2] 。一项前瞻性队列研究显示,超
动处方中,运动周期不超过 12 周、进行高强度的抗阻运动
过 70% 的 CVD 归因于可改变的危险因素,其中代谢危险因素 对于改善中老年人群的炎性反应、调节血脂水平效果更好。
(如血脂水平异常等)占 41% [3] 。脂质异常作为中老年人群
年龄特异性冠心病危险因素之一 [4] ,其代谢紊乱在 CVD 的 度脂蛋白胆固醇(low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)
发展中起主要作用。此外,慢性炎性反应也是中老年人群发 水平,但对三酰甘油(triglyceride,TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆
病和死亡的重要危险因素 [5] 。年龄增长造成的循环系统慢性 固醇(high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)水平无影
炎性状态与冠心病、动脉粥样硬化等心血管疾病的发生密切 响;THEODOROU 等 [16] 发现抗阻运动后 TG 水平明显降低;
相关 [6-7] 。C 反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)与心房颤 DEIBERT 等 [17] 发现抗阻运动可以升高 HDL-C,对 CRP 却无
动的发生独立相关,其升高可能强烈预测 CVD 事件 [6] 。高 影响。考虑到这些研究对象特征的不同及各研究之间的差异
炎性标志物水平会增加 CVD 发生风险,降低中老年人的生活 性,对于相关临床研究进行综合分析是必要的,而目前尚缺
质量,因此减少与年龄相关的慢性炎性反应是必要的 [8] 。 乏抗阻运动对中老年人群心血管危险因素影响的循证医学研
体育锻炼被证明可以改善健康状况,每周进行适度运动 究。因此,本文旨在探究抗阻运动对中老年人群心血管危险
可以降低 30% 的冠心病发生风险 [1] 。抗阻运动又称力量训 因素的影响,包括抗感染和调节脂代谢方面的作用效果,以
练或抗阻训练,是机体依赖自身肌肉力量对抗外部阻力而进 期为临床制定合适的抗阻运动方案提供一定的依据。
行运动的方法,可以提高肌肉力量,增加肌肉质量和肌肉耐 1 资料与方法
力 [9-10] 。抗阻训练的阻力来源包括使用自由重量(杠铃和哑铃)、 1.1 文献检索 检索PubMed、Cochrane Library、EmBase、Web of
重量器械或个人自身重量等 [11] 。抗阻运动可以缓解中老年 Science、中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、维普中文科技
人群由年龄增长导致的肌肉质量和力量的损失 [12] ,也可以降 期刊全文数据库,检索时间从建库至 2021-08-31,并手工检
低冠心病、糖尿病等多种慢性病的发生风险 [13-14] 。抗阻运动 索纳入研究的参考文献予以补充。英文关键词为:“resistance
对于中老年人群心血管危险因素的影响也被关注和研究,但 training”“resistance program”“strength training”“middle-
各研究结论并不相同。CUNHA 等 [15] 发现抗阻运动可以降低 aged and elderly”“middle-aged and older”“C-reactive
中老年人群的 CRP、总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、低密 protein”“triglyceride”“total cholesterol”“high-