Page 108 - 2023-03-中国全科医学
P. 108

2023年1月   第26卷   第3期                                 http: //www.chinagp.net   E-mail: zgqkyx@chinagp.net.cn  ·357·

           developing prevention strategies. The risk factors of BPD are still controversial,and there are few systematic reviews. Objective
            To systematically analyze the risk factors for BPD in preterm infants. Methods This study searched CNKI,Wanfang Data,
           CBM,VIP,PubMed,Embase,Web of Science and Cochrane Library for studies evaluating risk factors of BPD from inception
           to October 2021. We used RevMan 5.3 software to perform meta-analysis. Results We included 23 studies of 33 508 BPD
           premature infants. The overall NOS scores of included studies were relatively high. The results of meta-analysis showed that mother
           with chorioamnionitis〔OR=1.46,95%CI(1.18,1.80),P=0.000 6〕,gestational hypertension〔OR=1.26,95%CI(1.15,1.37),
           P<0.000 01〕,premature rupture of membranes〔OR=1.18,95%CI(1.10,1.26),P<0.000 01〕,preterm infants with
           small for gestational age(SGA)〔OR=2.64,95%CI(1.85,3.77),P<0.000 01〕,delivery room intubation of preterm
           infants〔OR=2.50,95%CI(1.39,4.50),P=0.002〕,premature 5 min Apgar score<7 points〔OR=2.47,95%CI(1.36,
           4.47),P=0.003〕,male preterm infants〔OR=1.49,95%CI(1.43,1.55),P<0.000 01〕,mechanical ventilation in
           preterm infants〔OR=1.59,95%CI(1.28,1.96),P<0.000 1〕,mechanical ventilation in preterm infants>7 days〔OR=7.99,
           95%CI(4.47,14.29),P<0.000 01〕,preterm infants treated with surfactant〔OR=3.46,95%CI(1.96,6.11),P<0.000 1〕,
           steroids used in preterm infants〔OR=2.42,95%CI(1.93,3.03),P<0.000 01〕,preterm infants with respiratory distress
           syndrome(RDS)〔OR=3.40,95%CI(2.01,5.75),P<0.000 01〕,preterm infants with patent ductus arteriosus(PDA)〔OR=1.96,
           95%CI(1.38,2.79),P=0.002〕,preterm infants with sepsis〔OR=1.82,95%CI(1.36,2.44),P<0.000 1〕,preterm
           infants with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)〔OR=1.62,95%CI(1.18,2.22),P=0.003〕were risk factors for BPD in
           preterm infants. Preterm infants with high birth weight〔OR=0.79,95%CI(0.76,0.83),P<0.000 01〕 and preterm infants
           with large gestational age〔OR=0.80,95%CI(0.73,0.87),P<0.000 01〕were protective factors for BPD in preterm infants.
           Funnel plots,Begg's test and Egger's test showed that there was no publication bias(P>0.05). Conclusion Current evidence
           showed that mother with chorioamnionitis,gestational hypertension,preterm rupture of membranes and preterm infants with
           SGA,delivery room intubation,5 min Apgar score <7 points,male,mechanical ventilation,mechanical ventilation>7 days,
           administration of pulmonary surfactant,steroids,RDS,PDA,sepsis,NEC were risk factors for BPD in preterm infants. High
           birth weight and large gestational age were protective factors for BPD in preterm infants. Clinicians should identify and address the
           relevant risk factors of BPD,thus preventing the BPD in premature infants.
               【Key words】 Bronchopulmonary dysplasia;Infant,premature;Risk factors;Observational study;Case-control
           studies;Cohort studies;Meta-analysis


               据世界卫生组织(WHO)统计,全球每年约有                           1 资料与方法
           1 500 万婴儿早产,早产并发症是导致 5 岁以下                          1.1  检 索 策 略  检 索 英 文 数 据 库 Cochrane Library、
           儿童死亡的最主要原因             [1] 。支气管肺发育不良                PubMed、EmBase、Web of Science 及 中 文 数 据 库 中
           (bronchopulmonary dysplasia,BPD)是早产儿最常见的            国知网(CNKI)、万方数据知识服务平台(Wanfang
           并发症   [2] ,其发生是多种危险因素综合作用的结果。                       Data)、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、维普网(VIP)
           当代围生医学及新生儿护理技术的快速发展明显改善了                            中关于 BPD 危险因素的文献,检索时间为建库至 2021
           早产儿特别是极早产儿和超早产儿的出生率及存活率,                            年 10 月。检索方式为主题词与自由词结合检索。中文
           BPD 的发病率在全球范围内也随之逐年上升                [3] 。据报道,      检索词为:“早产儿 / 未成熟儿 / 低出生体重儿 / 低出
           全球每年极早产儿 BPD 的发生率在 10%~89%             [4] 。BPD     生体质量儿”“支气管肺发育不良 / 支气管肺发育异常
           不仅会增加早产儿的呼吸系统疾病发病率、药物使用率                            / 围产期支气管肺的发育不良 / 新生儿慢性肺疾病”“危
           以及再入院率,而且会导致神经发育障碍等,严重影                             险因素 / 高危因素 / 影响因素 / 相关因素 / 预测因素”;
           响其出生后数年的生活质量同时增加家庭经济和心理负                            英文检索词为:“Infant,preterm OR preterm OR Preterm
           担 [5] 。目前对于 BPD 尚缺乏特效的治疗手段            [6] ,因此,      Infants OR Infant,Low Birth Weight OR low birth weight
           探究 BPD 的危险因素,从根本上降低 BPD 的发生至关                       infants”AND“bronchopulmonary dysplasia OR BPD OR
           重要。此前关于 BPD 危险因素的单中心研究较多,但                          chronic lung disease”AND“risk factor OR dangerous
           考虑到多中心研究的病例范围更广,样本更具代表性,                            factors OR influencing OR relevant factors OR predictive
           研究结论的外推性更强,故而本研究通过收集国内外公                            factor”。并对纳入文献的参考文献进行二次检索,查
           开发表的关于早产儿 BPD 危险因素的多中心研究进行                          找符合标准的相关研究。
           Meta 分析,以期为临床预防和管理早产儿 BPD 提供参                       1.2 纳入标准 (1)研究对象:胎龄≤ 32 周和 / 或出
           考依据。                                                生体质量≤ 1 500 g 的早产儿;(2)研究类型:多中心
   103   104   105   106   107   108   109   110   111   112   113