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           Corresponding author:LIU Lan,Professor,Master supervisor;E-mail:liulan-162@163.com
           JIANG Zeshun and YANG Zhenggui are co-first authors
               【Abstract】 Background Tuberculosis is the leading cause of death in patients living with HIV/AIDS,and HIV
           infection is also a major risk factor for latent tuberculosis infection(LTBI)developing to tuberculosis. So screening and treatment
           of LTBI is an important measure to prevent the incidence of tuberculosis to reduce the mortality rate in this population. Objective
           To examine the prevalence of LTBI and associated factors,and to identify the high-risk individuals among HIV/AIDS patients in
           Yinchuan urban areas,Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,providing a scientific basis for the preventive treatment of tuberculosis
           in this population. Methods A total of 546 HIV/AIDS patients who were treated in designated institutions for HIV/AIDS
           management in the urban area of Yinchuan,Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region from March to August 2021 were selected. By use of
           an on-site survey in combination with reviewing management files,general information(including demographic characteristics
           such as sex,age,ethnic group,education level,marital status,annual household income per capita,occupation,BMI,
           smoking and drinking)and clinical information(chronic disease prevalence,closely contacting with tuberculosis patients,time
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           since the HIV/AIDS diagnosis,duration of antiviral treatment,other co-infections,recent CD 4  T cell count)were collected.
           LTBI was screened by the tuberculin skin test(TST). The general information was compared between those with LTBI(n=133)
           and those without(n=413). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of LTBI in
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           HIV/AIDS patients. R software was used to establish a restricted cubic spline model to fit the dose-effect relationship between CD 4
           T cell count and the risk of LTBI. Results The prevalence of LTBI detected by TST was 24.4%. Married 〔OR=0.544,95%CI
           (0.321,0.922),P<0.05〕was associated with decreased risk of LTBI in HIV/AIDS,while smoking〔OR=1.919,95%CI
           (1.213,3.037),P<0.05〕,and closely contacting with tuberculosis patients 〔OR=11.100,95%CI(2.889,42.648),
           P<0.05〕were associated with increased risk of LTBI in HIV/AIDS. The fitting results of the restricted cubic spline model showed
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           that the CD 4  T cell count and LTBI risk had an approximate“n”-shaped nonlinear relationship(non-linear test χ =29.080,
           P<0.001). Conclusion To reduce the incidence of LTBI in people living with HIV/AIDS,more attention and timely preventive
           treatment should be given to those unmarried,smokers,and close contacts of tuberculosis patients. In addition,multiple
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           methods are recommended for screening for LTBI in those with low CD 4  T cell count.
               【Key words】 Human immunodeficiency viruses;Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome;Mycobacterium
           tuberculosis;Latent tuberculosis infection;Influencing factors;Restrictive cubic spline


               结 核 病 是 由 结 核 分 枝 杆 菌(Mycobacterium             1 对象与方法
           tuberculosis,MTB)引起的慢性呼吸道传染性疾病,                     1.1 调查对象 选取 2021 年 3—8 月于宁夏回族自治
           是世界范围内严重危害人类健康的主要公共卫生问                              区银川市市区内定点管理单位治疗的 546 例 HIV/AIDS
           题 [1] 。感染 MTB 后,大部分人以结核潜伏感染(latent                  患者为研究对象。纳入标准:(1)符合 HIV 阳性诊断
           tuberculosis infection,LTBI) 的 状 态 存 在, 即 MTB 感     标准  [9] ;(2)年龄 18~60 岁;(3)患者及家属签署
           染检测阳性但没有活动性结核病的临床表现                    [2] ,结核      知情同意书。排除标准:(1)既往结核或患有活动性
           潜伏性感染者可发展为活动性结核而成为传染源                      [3] 。    肺结核者;(2)有疫苗过敏史者;(3)患有皮肤病、
           对于一般人群中的 LTBI 而言,其一生发展为结核病                          严重心脏病和肾病者;(4)患有精神疾病患者或沟通
           的风险为 5%~10%,而对于人免疫缺陷病毒(human                        困难无法完成问卷者;(5)妊娠期及哺乳期妇女;(6)
           immunodeficiency viruses,HIV)感染者和获得性免疫缺             吸毒人群。本研究已经过宁夏回族自治区第四人民医院
           陷综合征(acquired immunodeficiency syndrome,AIDS)       伦理委员会批准(126400004540028529-01),并且研
           患者,这种风险每年会达到 7%~10%              [4-6] 。因此,在        究对象均已签署知情同意书。
           HIV/AIDS 患者中积极地进行 LTBI 筛查并进行适当治疗                    1.2 调查方法 由有经验且经过培训的调查员通过现
           是减少 HIV/AIDS 患者结核病发病率和死亡率的重要举                       场调查问卷及查阅患者管理档案和既往实验室检查结果
           措 [7-8] 。目前,对于 HIV/AIDS 患者 LTBI 危险因素的               收集研究对象的一般资料,其中一般人口学特征包括性
           研究较少,因此本研究在宁夏回族自治区银川市市区内                            别、年龄、民族、学历、婚姻状况、户口类型、户口所
           开展现况调查,通过结核菌素皮肤试验(tuberculin skin                   在地、本地居住时间、家庭人均年收入、职业类型、
           test,TST)对 HIV/AIDS 患者进行 LTBI 筛查,并分析                体质指数(BMI)、吸烟情况(吸烟:≥ 1 支 /d,并持
           其影响因素,识别高危人群,为 HIV/AIDS 患者结核病                       续 3 个月以上)、饮酒情况(饮酒:≥ 1 次 / 周、≥ 50
           的防治提供依据。                                            ml/ 次,并持续 3 个月以上)、居住情况;临床资料主
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