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               【Abstract】 Background The lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r)-based second-line antiretroviral therapy(ART)
           has been used for treating HIV/AIDS patients in China for more than 10 years,but post-therapy immunological non-response
           (INR)in these patients has been rarely studied. Objective To explore the prevalence and influencing factors of post-therapy
           INR in HIV/AIDS patients switching from first- to second-line ART. Methods Data(including general information and three-
           year follow-up information after switching to second-line ART) were collected from the Database of TCM Treatment for AIDS
                                                                                         +
           and AIDS Prevention and Control Information System,involving 3 016 HIV/AIDS patients(baseline CD 4  T cell count<200
           cells/μl) who switched to second-line ART during January 2009 to December 2015. The prevalence of INR was estimated
           using the follow-up information. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the influencing factors of
           INR. Results The prevalence of INR in the patients after switching to second-line ART during the first,second and third years
           of follow-up was 42.34%(774/1 828),32.31%(608/1 882),and 24.11%(421/1 746),respectively. The results of
           multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that gender〔female:OR=0.60,95%CI(0.49,0.73)〕 and the baseline
             +
           CD 4  T cells count〔<50 cells/μl:OR=3.42,95%CI(2.51,4.69);50-100 cells/μl:OR=3.26,95%CI(2.50,4.27);
           101-150 cells/μl:OR=1.51,95%CI(1.19,1.92)〕were associated with the prevalence of INR in the first year of follow-up
           (P<0.05);gender〔female:OR=0.70,95%CI(0.57,0.86)〕,age〔40-50 year:OR=1.37,95%CI(1.05,1.80);
           >50 year :OR=1.81,95%CI(1.36,2.42)〕,route of infection〔blood:OR=1.40,95%CI(1.06,1.85)〕,duration of
           HIV positive〔3-6 years:OR=1.48,95%CI(1.02,2.13)〕,duration of HAART therapy before switch to second-line ART〔3-5
                                                                                        +
           year:OR=0.66,95%CI(0.48,0.90);>5 year:OR=0.71,95%CI(0.53,0.95)〕and baseline CD 4  T cells count〔<50
           cells/μl:OR=2.54,95%CI(1.84,3.49);50-100 cells/μl:OR=2.49,95%CI(1.90,3.27);101-150 cells/μl:
           OR=1.59,95%CI(1.23,2.05)〕were associated with the prevalence of INR in the second year of follow-up(P<0.05);age〔>50
                                                                                                     +
           year:OR=1.8,95%CI(1.31,2.49)〕,route of infection〔blood:OR=1.45,95%CI(1.07,2.00)〕,baseline CD 4  T
           cell count〔<50 cells/μl:OR=2.07,95%CI(1.52,2.82);50-100 cells/μl:OR=2.14,95%CI(1.57,2.92);101-
           150 cells/μl:OR=1.49,95%CI(1.12,1.98)〕 were associated with the prevalence of INR in the third year of follow-up
           (P<0.05).Conclusion The prevalence of INR in the HIV/AIDS patients after switching to second-line ART during the first,
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           second and third years of follow-up was 42.34%,32.31%,and 24.11%,respectively. Gender,age,baseline CD 4  T cell
           counts,infected with HIV via contaminated blood or blood products were the influencing factors of immunological non-response.
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           In addition,immune status is suggested to be specially focused in male patients ,aged over 50 years and those the baseline CD 4
           T cells count <150 cells/μl.
               【Key words】 AIDS;Lopinavir/ritonavir;Second-line highly avtive antiretioviral therapy;Immunological non-
           response;Prevalence;Root cause analysis


               艾 滋 病(acquired immune deficiency syndrome,      已成为 AIDS 临床研究热点之一。
           AIDS)是由于感染人类免疫缺陷病毒(human                                为有效控制 AIDS,2004 年我国开始为符合国家抗
           immunodeficiency virus,HIV)引起的一种致死性传染病,             病毒治疗标准的 HIV/AIDS 患者提供主要由 2 种核苷类
           是全球面临的重大公共卫生和社会问题。HIV 侵入人体                          抑制剂 +1 种非核苷类抑制剂组成的一线抗病毒治疗方
                                      +
           后,主要侵犯和破坏人体的 CD 4 T 淋巴细胞,在侵入的                       案。2004 年国家中医药管理局启动“中医中药治疗艾
           细胞内大量复制,使机体丧失免疫能力,发生多种难以                            滋病试点项目”(以下简称中医项目),为 HIV/AIDS
           治愈的感染性疾病或肿瘤,最终导致患者死亡。目前公                            患者免费提供中医药临床救治。随着治疗时间的延长,
           认治疗 AIDS 最有效的药物疗法是高效抗反转录病毒疗                         受患者依从性、HAART 治疗不良反应及耐药性等多种
           法(highly active antiretroviral therapy,HAART),该疗    因素的影响,一线抗病毒治疗失败的患者逐渐增多                     [4] ,
                                              +
           法可以有效抑制 HIV 的复制,提升 CD 4  T 淋巴细胞计                    相关研究表明我国特定人群一线抗病毒治疗失败率高达
                                            [1]
           数水平,重建HIV/AIDS患者的免疫功能 。但研究发现,                       20.8% [5] 。2009 年,我国开始采用由 1 种蛋白酶抑制剂 +2
           HAART 治疗后的免疫重建具有局限性,在病毒载量                           种核苷类抑制剂组成的二线抗病毒治疗方案                    [6] 。洛匹
           (viral load,VL)控制良好的情况下,仍有 20%~30%                  那韦 / 利托那韦(lopinavir/ritonavir,LPV/r)是第一个
           的患者并没有获得理想的免疫功能重建,这种现象被                             利托那韦增强的蛋白酶抑制剂             [7] ,也是我国 HIV/AIDS
           称为免疫无应答或免疫重建不良(immunological non-                   免费治疗二线治疗方案中唯一的蛋白酶抑制剂类药
           response,INR) [2] 。研究表明,INR 患者仍有较高的                 物 [8] 。以 LPV/r 为基础的二线抗病毒治疗方案已经实
           死亡率和感染 AIDS 相关或非相关疾病的风险                 [3] ,INR    施 10 余年,但有关二线抗病毒治疗后 INR 的研究较少。
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