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their preadmission commitments in primary care,providing a basis for improving the policies about retaining the in-service health
talents and developing the general practice workforce. Methods Participants were TAMG who were working in primary hospitals
of Guizhou for fulfilling their preadmission commitments after finishing the "5+3" standardized general residency program at the
end of 2020(with a starting time for the 3-year standardized residency training of 2015—2017). An online questionnaire survey
was conducted with them from January 20 to February 10,2021 for understanding their general information,self-assessed job
satisfaction,turnover intention and planned career development after the expiration of services. Three hundred and eleven(89.6%)
of the 347 cases who returned responsive questionnaires were selected as the final participants. Univariate and stepwise multiple
linear regression analyses were used to explore the factors related to turnover intention. Results The average turnover intention
score for the respondents was(3.98±0.98) points. The prevalence of having turnover intention was 73.6%(229/311). The
level of turnover intention differed obviously by sex,hospital location,and daily workload(P<0.05). Stepwise multiple linear
regression analysis found that the way leaders treating their subordinates,sense of work-related,the level of satisfaction with
current income,family's support for their job,the implementation of local incentive policies accomplishment were associated
with turnover intention(P<0.05). In terms of the post-expiration development,12(3.9%) planned to continue working at
the current hospital,21(6.7%) planned to work at another primary care setting,196(63.0%) planned to work at a higher level
hospital,and 60(19.3%) planned to study full-time to get a master's degree. Conclusion The level of turnover intention was high in
TAMG working as a GP in primary care in Guizhou,and it is estimated that many of them would outflow after the expiration of services.
To improve this,it is suggested to value their needs,take actions to increase income and optimize trainings and employment forms for
them,and to further develop primary care hospitals,as well as to strengthen the publicity of general practice.
【Key words】 General practitioners;Target admission medical graduates;Education,medicine;Turnover
intention;Job satisfaction;Burnout,professional;Root cause analysis
《“健康中国”2030 规划纲要》提出,要以全科 1 对象与方法
医生为重点,加强基层人才队伍建设,加大基层和偏 1.1 调查对象 以贵州省截至 2020 年底已完成“5+3”
远地区扶持力度 [1] 。培养订单定向医学生是推动健康 模式培养并履约回归基层医疗卫生机构工作的 2015—
领域基本公共服务均等化,逐步缩小城乡基本健康服 2017 级订单定向医学毕业生为研究对象。据报道,贵
务和健康水平差异化的重要举措 [2] 。自 2015 年起,本 州省“5+3”模式培养并履约回归基层医疗卫生机构工
科订单定向医学生须完成 3 年全科住院医师规范化培训 作的订单定向医学毕业生共 1 000 余名 [7] ,本研究以
(简称住培),再履约回归基层医疗卫生机构定向服务 不少于总体 30% 的原则确定样本量。于 2021-01-20 至
3年 [3] 。完成 3 年住培的全科医生到基层工作,可以 2021-02-10,在贵州省各市(州)住培带教老师的协助下,
助力基层医疗水平的进一步提升。2018 年,我国颁布《关 通过微信平台发布网络调查问卷,共回收问卷 347 份,
于改革完善全科医生培养与使用激励机制的意见》(国 其中有效问卷 311 份,问卷有效回收率为 89.6%。
办发〔2018〕3 号),对完成住培的全科医生在绩效分 1.2 调查工具 由课题组与贵州医科大学公共卫生学
配、职称晋升等方面给予政策倾斜,激励其留任基层。 院协同编制“‘5+3’订单定向医学生职业满意度及
然而相关研究显示,我国存在全科医生离职意愿高、人 离职意愿调查问卷”,包括 5 部分。(1)一般情况:
才流失的问题 [4-5] ,且这些问题严重掣肘着基层医疗卫 包含性别、年龄、民族、婚姻状况、居住情况、住
生事业的发展 [6] 。目前,多批经“5+3”模式(5 年临 培年级等 13 个条目。(2)全科医生职业满意度:对
床医学本科教育 +3 年住培)培养的订单定向医学毕业 明尼苏达职业满意度短式量表(Minnesota Satisfaction
生将完成 3 年定向服务期,调查其职业现状、离职意愿 Questionaire,MSQ) [8] 进行修订,将 MSQ 的原条目口
及影响因素十分必要,但该方面的研究开展得相对较少。 语化,并结合全科医生工作内容进行调整,使其更符
截至 2020 年底,贵州省已累计培养 5 070 例本科订单 合全科医生的实际工作。修订后的量表共 20 个条目,
定向医学生,是全国培养数量较多的省份之一,其中 在本研究中应用的 Cronbach's α 系数为 0.945,效度检
1 000 余名已完成 3 年住培的订单定向医学毕业生履约 验的 KMO=0.935,表明量表的信度和效度良好。(3)
回到了基层医疗卫生机构工作 [7] 。本文旨在调查贵州 职业情况自评:在开展调查前,选取 6 例已回归基层的
省经“5+3”模式培养的订单定向医学毕业生回归基层 “5+3”订单定向医学毕业生进行半结构化访谈,访谈
后的职业现状、离职意愿及服务期满后的职业方向,从 题目为:①您的职业情况?②您的职业需求?③服务期
而为相关政策的制定提供参考。 满后您是否愿意继续留任基层?④影响您继续留任基层