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           分患者会选择肾移植,研究提示相比 HD 治疗,肾移植                              析[J]. 西部医学,2020,32(10):1504-1508.
           更符合正常人的生理模式,可以更好地排出代谢废物,                                XIAO  X,MA  R,FENG  Y,et  al.  Investigation  of  status
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           平衡,且患者可以暂时甚至终身享有“正常肾”,摆脱                                1504-1508.
           透析,提高患者的生存质量            [40-41] 。条件许可的情况下,          [7]吴国锋,陈锐,李怡 .  新增血液透析患者的流行病学特点和
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               国内外研究均提示 HD 患者的死因主要是心脑血管                            10.13820/j.cnki.gdyx.2017.s1.087.
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           并发症与感染                ;且有研究发现男性是 HD 患
                                                                   initiation,modality choice,access,and prescription:conclusions
           者死亡的独立危险因素,其死亡风险是女性患者的 1.5                              from a kidney disease:improving global outcomes(KDIGO)
           倍;年龄可作为 HD 患者不同生存期中预测死亡的独立                              controversies conference[J]. Kidney Int,2019,96(1):37-
           因素  [46] ,本研究结果与之一致。故可从上述特点入手,                          47. DOI:10.1016/j.kint.2019.01.017.
           关注新增首次 HD 年龄偏高的男性 DKD 患者,积极采                        [9]Gbd Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators.
                                                                   Global,regional,and national incidence,prevalence,and years
           取干预措施,降低其死亡率。
                                                                   lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and
               综上所述,近 5 年来确诊为 ESRD 而进入本中心行                         territories,1990-2017:a systematic analysis for the Global Burden
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           大,CGN 以年轻人为主;NTC 仍是首次 HD 的主要血                       [10]Gbd Causes of Death Collaborators. Global,regional,and national
                                                                    age-sex-specific mortality for 282 causes of death in 195 countries
           管通路;肾性贫血、肾性高血压、消化道症状、代谢
                                                                    and territories,1980-2017:a systematic analysis for the Global
           性酸中毒、心力衰竭及其他心血管事件是首次 HD 患者                               Burden of Disease Study 2017[J]. Lancet,2018,392(10159):
           主要并发症,可以通过实施早期筛查和及时干预来加强                                 1736-1788. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32203-7.
           CKD 患者的监测与管理,降低患者发病率和死亡率;                           [11]Gbd Dalys and Hale Collaborators. Global,regional,and national
           在 CKD 后期需要 RRT 时,透析时机和治疗方式的选择                            disability-adjusted life-years(DALYs) for 359 diseases and
                                                                    injuries and healthy life expectancy(HALE) for 195 countries
           应由医护人员和患者及其家属共同决定,并根据患者需
                                                                    and territories,1990-2017:a systematic analysis for the Global
           要进行个体化调整。                                                Burden of Disease Study 2017[J]. Lancet,2018,392(10159):
               作者贡献:吴其顺进行研究设计与实施、资料收集                               1859-1922. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32335-3.
           整理、撰写论文并对文章整体负责;吴其顺、何建强、                            [12]Gbd Risk Factor Collaborators. Global,regional,and national
           王泰娜、夏炎、余姝进行研究实施、评估、资料收集;                                 comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural,environmental
                                                                    and occupational,and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195
           吴其顺、何建强、王琳进行质量控制及审校。
                                                                    countries and territories,1990-2017:a systematic analysis for
               本文无利益冲突。                                             the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017[J]. Lancet,2018,
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