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is still unclear,the methodological quality of related studies is uneven,and few researchers have systematically evaluated it.
Objective To re-evaluate the systematic reviews/meta-analyses on the effectiveness of TR for functional rehabilitation after
stroke. Methods In August 2021,PubMed,Web of science,the Cochrane Library,VIP,WanFang Data,CNKI and CBM
were retrieved by computer for systematic reviews/meta-analyses on the effectiveness of TR applied to functional rehabilitation
after stroke from the establishment of the database to August 2021. After the literature screen and data extract by two researchers
independently,the methodological quality of the included literature was evaluated by AMSTAR 2 scale,and the evidence
quality of the outcome index was graded by GRADE system. Descriptive analysis was used to analyze the effectiveness of TR in
functional rehabilitation after stroke. Results A total of 10 systematic reviews/meta-analyses were included,and the results
of the AMSTAR 2 review showed that 2 systematic reviews were of high quality,3 were of low quality,and 5 were of very low
quality. The main reasons for the low methodological quality were the failure to report the preliminary study protocol,the list and
reasons for excluded studies,the publication bias of the original study and the funding sources. The GRADE evidence quality
assessment resulted in 10 systematic reviews addressing seven outcome measures,41 bodies of evidence,with eight grade graded
as intermediate,23 grade graded as low,and 10 grade graded as very low. TR promoted the improvement of activities of daily
living,motor function,quality of life,depressive symptoms and speech function of stroke patients to a certain extent,and had
the same curative effect as face-to-face rehabilitation therapy or routine treatment,and even some TR rehabilitation effects were
better than traditional rehabilitation therapy. Conclusion TR can promote the functional rehabilitation of stroke patients,but
considering that the methodological quality and reliability of outcome measures of current systematic reviews/meta-analyses on
the effectiveness of TR applied to functional recovery after stroke are mostly low,strict,standardized and comprehensive high-
quality randomized controlled trials are still needed to provide evidence support;The results of this study can provide reference for
the topic selection,research design and results report of future TR research.
【Key words】 Stroke;Telerehabilitation;Overview of systematic reviews;AMSTAR 2;GRADE
脑卒中是世界范围内导致死亡和长期残疾的主要原因之 评价,评估其方法学质量和证据质量,更新有关 TR 治疗有效
一 [1] 。为了最大限度地使自身的肢体、语言、认知等功能得 性的证据基础,以期为临床医生、政策制定者和患者提供参
以恢复,诸多脑卒中患者需要经历一个漫长、枯燥而又艰苦 考依据,为未来 TR 研究的选题与设计提供一定的借鉴。
的康复过程 [2] 。并且,随着我国人口总量的持续增长和老龄 1 资料与方法
化程度的日益加深、脑卒中相关危险因素(如高血压)流行 1.1 纳入与排除标准
日益严重,再加上医院康复资源的匮乏及新型冠状病毒肺炎 1.1.1 研究类型 所有与 TR 应用于卒中后康复相关的系统评
(COVID-19)等全球性公共卫生事件的发生,脑卒中将进一 价 /Meta 分析。
步加大我国公共卫生系统的压力,并给社会经济发展带来沉 1.1.2 研究对象 经电子计算机断层扫描(CT)或磁共振成
重负担 [3] ,这也提示政策制定者和医疗保健提供者,迫切需 像(MRI)确诊为脑出血或脑梗死,符合脑卒中诊断标准,性
要对脑卒中管理模式和康复服务模式进行创新。 别、年龄、病程、种族、籍贯和国籍不限。
近年来,随着信息技术(information technology,IT)的 1.1.3 干预措施 干预组采取 TR 干预,即利用电话、视频会
发展,较多研究致力于探索新的 IT 工具及其设计的可行性和 议、家庭信息设备、电子邮件、在线聊天程序、虚拟现实、
有效性 [4-5] ,其中远程康复(telerehabilitation,TR)作为一 远程机械臂、机器人、传感器等实现跨越地区的康复医疗服务,
种极具发展前景的康复治疗手段,是应对 COVID-19 或未来 可辅以常规康复治疗;对照组采取常规康复治疗、常规护理
可能发生的其他传染病危机的现实选择 [6] 。TR 不仅能够满 或空白对照。
足患者在时间(出院后)和空间(从医院到患者家中)上的 1.1.4 结局指标 (1)主要结局指标:日常生活活动能力、
连续性康复需求、提高康复治疗的频率和强度,同时还可以 上肢或下肢运动功能、平衡功能、生活质量、抑郁症状、言
让患者在舒适、熟悉的环境中接受个性化的康复治疗、需求 语功能、步行功能等。(2)次要结局指标:照顾者压力指数、
和进展情况的监测与评估,潜在地激发患者的内在动力,提 成本效益、可行性、用户满意度、不良事件发生率等。
高其康复训练的依从性,降低服务成本 [7] ,提升患者对康复 1.1.5 排除标准 (1)重复发表的文献;(2)无法获取全
治疗的满意度 [8-9] 。目前,已有较多系统评价分析了 TR 在促 文的文献;(3)单纯的质量评价或方法学研究;(4)会议
进卒中后患者功能康复方面的有效性和安全性,但事实上 TR 摘要、评论;(5)纳入研究的研究对象存在混合病因(如
治疗应用于卒中后康复的时间相对较短 [10] ,且相关研究在范 创伤性脑损伤和脑卒中);(6)纳入研究的干预措施包含
围、方法和质量上也各不相同。系统评价再评价是基于相同 TR,但并未将 TR 作为主要疗法;(7)非中、英文研究。
或相似的干预措施综合高质量证据的一种新方法,可支持在 1.2 文 献 检 索 策 略 于 2021 年 8 月, 以 telemedicine、
更广泛的概念中总结治疗效果 [11] 。因此,本研究拟对 TR 应 remote rehabilitation、telerehabilitation、telerehab、telehealth、
用于卒中后功能康复方面的系统评价 /Meta 分析进行全面的再 telestroke,stroke、apoplexy、brain vascular accidents、brain