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demographic information 〔gender,age,height,weight,blood pressure,duration of diabetes,calculated body mass index
(BMI),and smoke prevalence〕,and laboratory test indices 〔red blood cells (RBC),serum hemoglobin (Hb),total
protein (TP),albumin (ALB),globulin (GLB),alkaline phosphatase (ALP),cholinesterase (CHE),uric acid (SUA),
blood urea nitrogen (BUN),creatinine (Scr),cystatin C (Cys C),retinol binding protein (RBP),fasting plasma
glucose (FPG),calcium (Ca),phosphorus (P),magnesium (Mg),zinc (Zn),iron,unsaturatediron binding
capacity (UIBC),total iron binding capacity (TIBC),ferritin,transferrin (TRF),C-reactive protein (CRP),
and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR),glycated hemoglobin (HbA 1c ),UALB/CRE,24-hour urine for microalbumin
(24 h-mALB),24-hour urine for total protein (24 h-MTP)〕 and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). One
hundred and sixteen cases were diagnosed with anemia,and 138 without(anemia was defined as serum Hb ≤ 130 g/L for men,
and ≤ 120 g/L for women). Spearman rank correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were used to explore the
factors associated with anemia in DKD. Results Compared with patients without anemia,those with anemia had higher systolic
blood pressure,and longer duration of diabetes(P<0.05). Moreover,anemia patients had lower levels of RBC,Hb,TP,
ALB,GLB,CHE,eGFR,serum Ca,Zn,iron,UIBC,TIBC,ferritin,and TRF,and higher levels of BUN,Scr,Cys
C,RBP,FPG,serum P,Mg,CRP,ESR,and HbA 1c ,UALB/CRE,24 h-mALB,as well as 24 h-MTP (P<0.05).
Spearman rank correlation analysis showed that Hb was positively correlated with TP,ALB,CHE,eGFR,FPG,serum
Zn,and iron,UIBC,TIBC,and ESR(P<0.05) and negatively correlated with SBP,duration of diabetes,BUN,Scr,
serum Cys C,P,CRP,HbA 1c ,UALB/CRE,24 h-mALB,and 24 h-MTP (P<0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis
showed that duration of diabetes (β=-0.060),ALB (β=0.755),CHE (β=1.512),Zn (β=1.173),and HbA 1c
(β=-5.766) in serum,and eGFR (β=0.341) were independently associated with serum Hb in DKD (P<0.05).
Conclusion Anemia in DKD may be associated with the duration of diabetes,serum levels of ALB,CHE,Zn and HbA 1c ,
as well as eGFR. The above-mentioned influencing factors should be actively corrected to reduce the incidence of anemia and to
improve the quality of life in DKD patients.
【Key words】 Diabetic kidney diseases;Nephrosis;Anemia;Serum albumin;Glycated hemoglobin A;Root cause
analysis
贫血是慢性肾脏病(chronic kidney disease,CKD) 能障碍;(6)已行血液透析或腹膜透析;(7)近 3 个
的主要并发症,也是心血管事件和不良生活质量的危 月有输血史;(8)临床资料不完整。
险因素。糖尿病肾病(diabetic kidney disease,DKD) 1.2 研究方法
是 CKD 的常见病因之一,且超过 40% 的终末期肾脏疾 1.2.1 一般资料及实验室检查指标 收集患者一般资
病(end-stage renal disease,ESRD)由 DKD 引起 [1] 。 料,包括性别、年龄、身高、体质量及血压、糖尿病病
在所有 CKD 患者中,相比非糖尿病肾病(non-diabetic 程(DD)、是否吸烟(吸烟定义为平均吸烟≥ 1 支 /d,
kidney disease,NDKD)而言,DKD 患者更容易发生贫 持续时间≥1年),实验室检查指标包括:红细胞(RBC)、
血 [2] 。贫血不但可以加速 DKD 的进程,且易诱发心血 血红蛋白(Hb)、总蛋白(TP)、血清白蛋白(ALB)、
管疾病、糖尿病视网膜病变、糖尿病神经病变等并发症, 血清球蛋白(GLB)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、胆碱酯酶
降低 DKD 的生命质量。因此,贫血的预防及早期诊疗 (CHE)、血尿酸(SUA)、尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐
对延缓 DKD 进展、提高患者生命质量及生存率尤为重 (Scr)、胱抑素 C(Cys C)、视黄醇结合蛋白(RBP)、
要。本研究对 DKD 患者发生贫血的相关影响因素进行 空腹血糖(FPG)、钙(Ca)、磷(P)、镁(Mg)、
探讨,旨在为预防及临床治疗提供一定的参考依据。 锌(Zn)、血清铁(SI)、非铁结合力(UIBC)、总铁
1 对象与方法 结合力(TIBC)、血清铁蛋白(SF)、转铁蛋白(TRF)、
1.1 研究对象 选取 2019 年 1 月至 2020 年 9 月在昆 C 反应蛋白(CRP)、红细胞沉降率(ESR)、糖化血
明医科大学第一附属医院肾脏内科住院的 DKD 患者 红 蛋 白(HbA 1c )、 尿 白 蛋 白 / 肌 酐(UALB/CRE)、
254 例。DKD 诊断标准:3 个月内连续 3 次进行尿微量 24 h 微量白蛋白(24 h-mALB)、24 h 微量总蛋白(24
白蛋白检查,且至少 2 次尿微量白蛋白≥ 30 mg/24 h 的 h-MTP)。抽取所有患者入院后次日清晨(>12 h)空
糖尿病患者。排除标准:(1)合并感染、肝损伤或恶 腹静脉血 5 ml,分离血清,应用罗氏全自动生化分析
性肿瘤等;(2)合并糖尿病急性代谢性并发症;(3) 仪(美国贝克曼库尔特公司)检测 TP、ALB、GLB、
妊娠期或哺乳期妇女;(4)近期有服用过肾毒性药物;(5) ALP、CHE、SUA、BUN、Scr、Cys C、RBP、FPG、
各种原因导致的出血性和 / 或溶血性疾病、骨髓造血功 Ca、P、Mg、Zn、SI、UIBC、TIBC、SF、TRF 指标,应