Page 20 - 2022-12-中国全科医学
P. 20
http://www.chinagp.net E-mail:zgqkyx@chinagp.net.cn ·1425·
that benefited. Methods The data comes from a randomized controlled trial carried out in the obstetrics clinic of a hospital in
Shenzhen from June to October 2020. Convenience sampling technique was adopted to recruit pregnant women. A total of 126
participants were recruited,of which 63 were randomly assigned to intervention group,63 to control group using a random
numbers table. The control group received routine nursing care. The intervention group received the usual care plus “UIW”(Urinary
Incontinence for Women) APP-based self management of UI. During the 42-day postpartum follow-up,the postpartum related
data of the two groups were collected,including the occurrence of UI on the 42nd postpartum day. The subjects were divided
into case group and the control group according to the present of postpartum UI. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore
the confounding factors and their interaction with intervention methods on the present of postpartum UI. Subgroup analysis based
on the results of Logistic regression analysis was performed to explore whether there are subgroups who can benefit from APP
intervention. Results There were statistically significant differences in the history of vaginal delivery,the presence of UI at the
time of recruitment,and the Broome Pelvic Floor Muscle Self-efficacy Scale(BPMSES) score between the case group and the
control group(P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that the presence of UI at the time of recruitment was a significant
risk factor for postpartum UI〔OR=15.897,95%CI(4.724,53.495),P<0.001〕. The interaction between BPMSES score and
intervention method could affect the occurrence of postpartum UI〔OR=1.034,95%CI (1.017,1.051),P<0.001〕. Further
subgroup analysis found that for pregnant women with UI symptoms at the time of enrollment,APP-based intervention showed a
2
better effect of preventing postpartum UI(χ =4.18,P=0.041),while for pregnant women without UI symptoms at the time of
2
enrollment,the effect did not been observed(χ =1.89,P=0.284). Conclusion It is recommended that pregnant women with
UI symptoms use “UIW” APP to prevent postpartum UI. However,there is insufficient evidence to prevent postpartum UI in
people without UI symptoms during pregnancy. In addition,regardless of UI symptoms,pregnant women with high PFMT self-
efficacy are expected to benefit from “UIW” APP.
【Key words】 Urinary incontinence;Peripartum period;Telemedicine;mHealth;Pelvic floor muscle training;
Maternal health;Randomized controlled trial;Interaction effect;Subgroup analysis
国际尿控协会定义尿失禁(urinary incontinence,
本研究行业贡献:
UI)是一种可以得到客观证实、不自觉的尿液经尿道漏
当总体疗效无统计学意义时,可尝试寻找可能获
出的现象 [1] 。妊娠和分娩是发生 UI 的重要危险因素 [2] ,
益的亚组人群。本研究最终通过 Logistic 回归分析与
不同孕周的患病率为 9%~75%,平均约为 41%,且随着
分层分析找到了可能获益的亚组人群,即妊娠期有
孕周增加,UI 的发生率也随之增加 [3] 。此外,一项大
UI 症状的孕妇使用“有爱屋”APP 有望预防产后 UI
型的队列研究表明,妊娠期 UI 的发生会显著增加产后
发生,从而实现精准管理。
10 年和 12 年的复发风险,可见 UI 的影响深远 [4] 。妊
娠期及产后 UI 的高患病率也给女性的生活质量造成了 1 对象与方法
不良影响 [5] ,带来了日常活动、社会交往、休闲外出、 1.1 研究对象 本研究数据来源于前期开展的一项
性生活乃至心理健康等方面的困扰 [6-7] 。 RCT,采用方便抽样法,于 2020 年 6—10 月在南方医
盆底肌训练(pelvic floor muscle training,PFMT)是 科大学深圳医院产科门诊招募了 126 例研究对象,采用
UI 的一线治疗手段 [8] ,是指通过特定的盆底肌肉群反 随机数字表法分为干预组与对照组,各 63 例。纳入标准:
复自主性收缩与放松,以提高盆底肌群及尿道周围肌肉 (1)年龄≥ 18 周岁;(2)经 B 超检查确诊为单胎妊娠;
强度,加强其支持作用,改善漏尿,促进盆底健康 [9] 。 (3)孕周 24~28 周;(4)能够通过智能手机上网。排
然而,PFMT 的效果需要有锻炼的正确性与依从性的双 除标准:(1)存在精神疾病与认知障碍;(2)存在孕
重保证 [8] ,目前尚缺乏有效的管理策略。本研究团队 前 UI、盆腔器官脱垂、盆腔手术史;(3)产前检查发
前期开发了孕产妇UI自我管理的“有爱屋”APP(注册号: 现有高危因素(如妊娠合并心脏病、妊娠期高血压疾病、
2019SR1342273),并经过可用性评价 [10] ,研究团队 妊娠合并糖尿病、先兆流产、胎盘早剥、胎儿生长受限、
进一步开展了一项单中心随机对照试验(RCT)以评价 羊水异常)不适合妊娠期PFMT;(4)盆底肌收缩疼痛;(5)
基于 APP 的妊娠期 PFMT 对产后 UI 的影响,然而结果 拒绝参加研究。该研究的开展通过了南方医科大学深圳
发现,相比于常规宣教,基于 APP 的干预并未显现出 医院医学伦理委员会批准(NYSZYYEC20190012)。患
预防产后 UI 发生的优势(P=0.274) [11] ,本研究试图 者均签署知情同意书。
对这一阴性结果进行探索性分析,并探讨是否存在能从 本研究是基于此项 RCT 数据资料进行的探索性分析。
APP 干预中获益的亚组人群。 1.2 干预方法 对照组接受常规护理,由产科医务人