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·666·  http: //www.chinagp.net   E-mail: zgqkyx@chinagp.net.cn                    February  2023, Vol.26  No.6

           (admission,the 7th day and discharge). Methods The study comprised 177 patients with the diganosis stroke admitted to
           the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University between January and December
           2021. According to the nutritional status,the patients were divided into nutritional normal and malnutrition groups at different
           time points. General data of the patients were being collected,including gender,age,hypertension,diabetes,post-stroke
           pneumonia,post-stroke anxiety and depression,obstructive sleep apnea hypoventilation syndrome(OSAHS),history
           of smoking and alcohol consumption,and mode of nutritional support〔oral feeding only,nasogastric tube only(NGT),
           intermittent oral to esophageal tube feeding only(IOE),combined parenteral nutrition(PN)〕. Assessment of patients´
           swallowing function using the Water Swallow Test(WST),and the degree of neurological deficits can be evaluated by the
           National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS). Univariate and multifactorial Logistic regression analyses were used to
           determine the factors influencing the nutritional status of stroke inpatients at different time points. Results The incidence of
           malnutrition in stroke patients at admission,the 7th day and discharge were 11.9%,32.2% and 19.8%,respectively. The rate of
           malutrition on the 7th day of admission was higher than admission and discharge(P<0.05). At the time of admission,between
           the normal nutrition group(n=156)and the malnutrition group(n=21)in the age,smoking and drinking history,nutritional
           support mode,and WST score,there were significantly different(P<0.05). On the 7th day of hospitalization,the normal
           nutrition group(n=120)was significant differences in age,post-stroke pneumonia,nutritional support mode,WST score and
           NIHSS score compared with malnutrition group(n=57)(P<0.05). At the time of discharge,the differences were statistically
           significant in nutrition support mode,WST score and NIHSS score between the normal nutrition group(n=142)and malnutrition
           group(n=35)(P<0.05). At the time of admission,WST score〔OR=2.118,95%CI(1.390,3.226),P<0.001〕was the
           influencing factor of malnutrition. On the 7th day,age〔OR=1.035,95%CI(1.001,1.070),P=0.028〕,combined-PN〔OR
           =19.206,95%CI(3.188,115.707),P=0.001〕and NIHSS score〔OR=1.108,95%CI(1.029,1.194),P=0.007〕were
           influencing malnutrition. Only-NGT〔OR=13.518,95%CI(1.783,102.493),P=0.012〕and combined-PN〔OR=18.445,
           95%CI(2.870,118.531),P=0.002〕are the influencing factors at the time of discharge. Conclusion The incidence of
           malnutrition is higher in stroke patients at admission,the 7th day and discharge. WST score is an influential factor for malnutrition
           at the time of admission. On the 7th day,the age,PN,and NIHSS score are influencing factors relevant to malnutrition. At the
           time of discharge,only-NGT and combined-PN are meaningful factors for malnutrition.
               【Key words】 Stroke;Apoplexy;Nutritional status;Nutritional support;Time factors;Root cause analysis;Water
           Swallow Test;National Institute of Health Stroke Scale



               据全球疾病负担研究显示,脑卒中是我国成年人致                          (2)首次发病,符合脑卒中诊断标准                 [5-6] ,并经影像
           死、致残的首要病因,其患病率整体呈上升趋势,2019                          学检查〔颅脑 CT 和 / 或磁共振成像(MRI)〕证实存
           年我国 40 岁及以上人群脑卒中患病人数约为 1 704 万,                     在脑卒中;(3)患者发病至入院时间≤ 7 d;(4)意
           居世界首位     [1] 。脑卒中患者常伴吞咽障碍、偏瘫及意                     识清晰,生命体征稳定,能够配合诊治;(5)病例资
           识障碍,营养风险及营养不良普遍存在                  [2] 。营养不良        料完整;(6)截至出院时,总住院时长为(30±3)d。
           不仅影响患者神经功能及生活能力恢复,也是脑卒中后                            排除标准:(1)患有影响营养状况的内、外科疾病,
           肺炎及并发症发生、发展的危险因素                 [3] 。尽管药物能         如:严重创伤、手术、肿瘤、胃肠道疾病、严重的内
           有效防治疾病的发生、发展,但不可否认营养的重要                             分泌及代谢疾病、严重的肝肾功能障碍等;(2)在本
           性 [4] 。既往研究大多关注患者入院时营养状况,对整                         科室进行康复治疗时间 <7 d;(3)患者拒绝参与本研
           个住院期间营养状况动态观察的研究较为少见。本文拟                            究。本研究通过郑州大学第一附属医院伦理委员会审查
           研究郑州大学第一附属医院康复医学科脑卒中住院患者                            (2021-ky-0609-003)。
           不同时间点营养状况,分析其影响因素,以便找出脑卒                            1.2 治疗方法 脑卒中住院患者入院后接受常规治疗
           中住院患者营养状况变化的主要原因,预防脑卒中患者                            以及综合康复治疗,包括抗感染、控制基础疾病、营养
           营养状况进一步恶化,为脑卒中患者规范营养管理提供                            神经、降颅压 / 抗血小板聚集或抗凝、降脂稳定斑块、
           理论指导和循证医学证据。                                        改善循环及偏瘫肢体综合训练、吞咽障碍训练、语言障
           1 对象与方法                                             碍训练等。评估患者吞咽状况选择合理营养支持方式,
           1.1 研究对象 本研究为回顾性研究,选取 2021 年 1—                     对不能正常进食患者遵循适应证及禁忌证结合患者意愿
           12 月入住郑州大学第一附属医院康复医学科的 177 例                        选择留置鼻胃管(nasogastric tube,NGT)或间歇经口
           脑卒中患者为研究对象。纳入标准:(1)年龄 18~80 岁;                      至食管管饲法(intermittent oro-esophageal tube feeding,
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