Page 121 - 2023-02-中国全科医学
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·242·  http: //www.chinagp.net   E-mail: zgqkyx@chinagp.net.cn                     January  2023, Vol.26  No.2


           study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of PD-1 inhibitors in elderly patients with advanced NSCCL. Methods This study
           selected elderly patients with advanced NSCLC over 65 years who received PD-1 inhibitors monotherapy in Department of Thoracic
           Surgery and Oncology of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from October 2018
           to November 2021. A total of 63 elderly patients with NSCLC were included. The PD-1 inhibitors of the study were approved in
           Chinese market,including camrelizumab,sintilimab and pembrolizumab. The data about efficacy and safety of PD-1 inhibitors
           were collected in the hospital electronic medical record system. All patients were followed up regularly to obtain the long-term
           prognostic data until 2022-03-15. The efficacy data of PD-1 inhibitors,the prognosis of elderly patients with advanced NSCLC
           and the toxicity and side effects of PD-1 inhibitors were collected. Cox comparative risk model was used to explore the influencing
           factors of the prognosis of elderly patients with advanced NSCLC. Results The median age of the 63 elderly patients with
           advanced NSCLC was 71(65,89) years. The best response assessment during PD-1 inhibitors therapy showed that no patients
           had complete response,14 patients had partial responses,21 patients had stable status,and 28 patients had progressive status.
           The objective response rate(ORR) of patients with advanced NSCLC treated with PD-1 inhibitors monotherapy was 22.2%(14/63),
           and the disease control rate(DCR) was 66.7%(14/21). Prognostic data showed that the median progression free survival
           (PFS) of the 63 patients with advanced NSCLC was 3.3(2.0,4.6) months and the median overall survival(OS) was 10.2
           (6.1,14.3) months. Among 63 elderly patients with NSCLC,46 of them(73.0%) had treatment related adverse reaction
           during PD-1 inhibitors monotherapy,and the rate of grade 3 or above adverse reactions was 14.3%. The most common adverse
           reactions were fatigue,diarrhea,rash and abnormal liver function with the rates of 23.8%(15/63),19.1%(12/63),15.9%
           (10/63)and 14.3%(9/63),respectively. Cox comparative risk model analysis suggested that ECOG performance status and
           number of metastatic lesions might be independent factors of PFS in patients with advanced NSCLC treated with PD-1 inhibittors.
           Conclusion PD-1 blockades monotherapy demonstrated potential efficacy and acceptable safety for elderly patients with NSCLC.
           ECOG performance status and number of metastatic lesions might be potential risk factors that predict the PFS of the patients.
               【Key words】 Aged;Carcinoma,non-small-cell lung;Immune checkpoint inhibitors;Programmed cell death 1
           receptor blockades;Drug therapy;Treatment outcome;Safety



               肺癌是全球常见的恶性肿瘤之一,每年新发病例                           案等  [7] 。以上因素成为限制老年患者参加临床研究的
           约为 210 万例,死亡病例约为 177 万例             [1] 。中国的        客观原因。PD-1 抑制剂单药或联合化疗目前已经成为
           流行病学数据显示每年约有 81.5 万例新发病例和 71.5                      晚期 NSCLC 患者一线或二线的标准治疗方案                [8] 。晚期
           万例死亡病例      [2] 。非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung         NSCLC 患者应用 PD-1 抑制剂单药治疗的中位无进展生
           cancer,NSCLC)是肺癌中最常见的类型,约占所有肺                       存 期(progression free survival,PFS) 为 3~6 个 月, 中
           癌的 85%  [3] 。因此,中国每年新增的 NSCLC 患者约                   位总生存期(overall survival,OS)为 10~15 个月       [9] 。
           有 69.3 万。近年来晚期 NSCLC 治疗领域取得了突破                      以上研究纳入的大部分是年轻患者。在 KEYNOTE-010
           性的研究进展。既往预后相对较差的驱动基因阴性的                             研究中,接受帕博利珠单抗治疗的 690 例晚期 NSCLC
           晚期 NSCLC 患者中以程序性死亡蛋白 -1(programmed                  患者的中位年龄为 63 岁       [10] 。在 CheckMate-057 研究中,
           death-1,PD-1)抑制剂为代表的免疫治疗取得了明显                       接受纳武利尤单抗治疗的 292 例非鳞状 NSCLC 患者的
           和持久的疗效,目前晚期 NSCLC 患者的 5 年生存率已                       中位年龄为 61 岁,在 CheckMate-017 研究中,接受纳
           经从 5% 提高到了 20%      [4] 。尽管如此,晚期 NSCLC 患            武利尤单抗治疗的 135 例鳞状 NSCLC 患者的中位年龄
           者的整体预后仍然较差,需要深入探索提高患者预后的                            为62岁   [11-12] 。目前在晚期 NSCLC 患者中 PD-1 抑制
           治疗方法。                                               剂单药治疗的研究主要集中在年龄相对较小的患者中,
               临床实践中 NSCLC 诊断的起始年龄通常在 70 岁左                    对于 65 岁以上的老年晚期 NSCLC 患者 PD-1 抑制剂的
           右 [5] 。由于多数临床试验设定了严格的年龄筛选标准                         疗效及安全性数据尚且缺乏。
           (通常为 <75 岁),75 岁及以上的患者参与临床研究                            此外,目前 PD-1 抑制剂单药在临床实践中主要的
           的比例 <10%   [6] 。因此,老年晚期 NSCLC 患者的治疗                 困境在于有效率偏低,尤其是在细胞程序性死亡 - 配
           可以参考的临床研究结果非常有限。而老年患者被大部                            体 1(PD-L1)的联合阳性分数(CPS)表达 <50% 的
           分临床研究排除的原因可能在于以下几点:较大的年龄、                           患 者 中 客 观 缓 解 率(objective response rate,ORR)
           较差的东部肿瘤协作组(Eastern Cooperative Oncology             <20% [13] 。有必要探讨基线临床资料和药物的疗效及患
           Group,ECOG)体质状态评分、认知能力障碍、伴随                         者预后之间的关联性,从而进一步筛选 PD-1 抑制剂的
           了较多的合并疾病和不能接受毒副作用较大的治疗方                             潜在获益人群。
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