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• 论著 •
基于健康生态学模型的我国老年人慢性病
共病影响因素研究
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齐元涛,柳言,杜金,刘永文,马桂峰 * 查看原文
【摘要】 背景 我国人口老龄化问题严重,慢性病共病现象日趋普遍。目的 以健康生态学模型为基础,系统
了解我国老年人发生慢性病共病的影响因素,为我国老年人慢性病共病问题防控提供参考。方法 于 2021 年 3 月,
在中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)的 2018 年追踪数据库中选取年龄≥ 60 岁的样本(n=10 779),剔除研究涉
及变量有缺失的样本后,最终纳入样本 7 354 例。以是否发生慢性病共病(患≥ 2 种慢性病)为因变量,根据健康生
态学模型的 5 个维度纳入自变量,采用多因素 Logistic 回归模型分析老年人发生慢性病共病的影响因素。结果 老年
人的慢性病共病发生率为 65.16%(4 792/7 354),患 2 种慢性病者居多〔32.16%(1 541/4 792)〕,其中发生率最高
的二元慢性病共病组合为高血压 + 关节炎或风湿病〔16.42%(253/1 541)〕。多因素 Logistic 回归分析结果显示:对
于老年人的慢性病共病发生风险,女性高于男性〔OR(95%CI)=1.371(1.177,1.596)〕,>70 岁者高于 60~70 岁者
〔OR(95%CI)=1.189(1.061,1.333)〕,夜晚睡眠时间为 6~8 h 者和 >8 h 者低于 <6 h 者〔OR(95%CI)分别为 0.759
(0.678,0.850)、0.686(0.572,0.821)〕,午睡时间为 0.5~1.0 h 者和 >1.0 h 者高于 <0.5 h 者〔OR(95%CI)分别为 1.238
(1.102,1.391)、1.219(1.604,1.396)〕,对健康感到一般和不太满意者高于非常满意者〔OR(95%CI)分别为 1.755
(1.537,2.004)、5.890(4.930,7.037)〕,城市户口者高于农村户口者〔OR(95%CI)=1.167(1.036,1.315)〕,
居住在中部和西部地区者高于东部地区者〔OR(95%CI)分别为 1.311(1.158,1.483)、1.491(1.315,1.692)〕,
正在工作者低于曾经工作过者〔OR(95%CI)=0.768(0.680,0.866)〕,人均年收入 >5 万元者高于 <2 万元者〔OR(95%CI)
=1.413(1.009,1.978)〕。结论 我国老年人的慢性病共病发生率较高,慢性病共病的影响因素是多层次、多维度的,
不同的影响因素之间有着复杂的关系,建议从个体到环境多维度加强对慢性病的干预和管理,提高人群健康水平。
【关键词】 慢性病共病;老年人;健康生态学模型;健康社会决定因素;健康生活方式;患病率;影响因素分析
【中图分类号】 R 161.7 R 36 【文献标识码】 A DOI:10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2022.0458
齐元涛,柳言,杜金,等 . 基于健康生态学模型的我国老年人慢性病共病影响因素研究[J]. 中国全科医学,
2023,26(1):50-57.[www.chinagp.net]
QI Y T,LIU Y,DU J,et al. The influencing factors of chronic disease comorbidities of elderly in China based on health
ecology model[J]. Chinese General Practice,2023,26(1):50-57.
The Influencing Factors of Chronic Disease Comorbidities of Elderly in China Based on Health Ecology Model QI
Yuantao,LIU Yan,DU Jin,LIU Yongwen,MA Guifeng *
School of Public Health,Weifang Medical University,Weifang 261053,China
*
Corresponding author:MA Guifeng,Associate professor,Master supervisor;E-mail:maguifeng10@126.com
【Abstract】 Background The problem of population aging is serious in China,and chronic diseases comorbidity
is becoming more and more common. Objective Based on the health ecology model,to systematically understand the main
influencing factors of chronic disease comorbidity among the elderly in China,and to provide scientific reference for the prevention
and control of chronic disease comorbidity among the elderly in China. Methods Based on the follow-up data of China Health
and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS) 2018,a total of 10 779 samples aged ≥ 60 years were selected in March 2021.
After excluding the samples with missing data and unqualified data,a total of 7 354 samples was included in this study. With the
occurrence of chronic comorbidities(having ≥ 2 chronic conditions) as the dependent variable and the inclusion of independent
variables according to the 5 dimensions of the health ecology model,a multivariate Logistic regression model was used to analyze
the influencing factors of chronic disease comorbidity in the elderly. Results Among the elderly ≥ 60 years old in China,
基金项目:国家自然科学基金面上项目(71673202)
261053 山东省潍坊市,潍坊医学院公共卫生学院
* 通信作者:马桂峰,副教授,研究生导师;E-mail:maguifeng10@126.com
本文数字出版日期:2022-11-10