Page 43 - 中国全科医学2022-30
P. 43

·3752· http://www.chinagp.net   E-mail:zgqkyx@chinagp.net.cn


           饮酒方式的差别,以及回顾性队列研究中混杂因素的控                                et al. Urinary ethyl glucuronide as measure of alcohol consumption
           制差别,特别是缺乏大型前瞻性 RCT 的验证。关于适                              and risk of cardiovascular disease:a population-based cohort
                                                                   study[J]. J Am Heart Assoc,2020,9(7):e014324. DOI:
           度饮酒的考虑,尽管流行病学研究表明饮酒与多种疾病
                                                                   10.1161/JAHA.119.014324.
           之间存在高度关联,但还没有 RCT 揭示其因果关系                   [52] 。
                                                               [5]CÍFKOVÁ R,KRAJCOVIECHOVÁ A. Alcohol and cardiovascular
               截至目前,饮酒量、饮酒方式和酒精饮料类型与心                              disease:position paper of the Czech society of cardiology[J]. Cent
           血管风险及总体健康间的关系仍是需要继续研究和讨论                                Eur J Public Health,2019,27 Suppl:S6-9. DOI:10.21101/cejph.
           的一个话题     [53] 。目前观点认为,酗酒、大量饮酒一定                        a5998.
           不利于全身及 CVH。对于已经饮酒的人来说,饮酒量                           [6]YAN J J,THOMSON J K,ZHAO W W,et al. Role of stress
                                                                   kinase JNK in binge alcohol-evoked atrial arrhythmia[J]. J Am
           控制在低水平更好。对于存在缺血性心血管疾病的患者,
                                                                   Coll Cardiol,2018,71(13):1459-1470. DOI:10.1016/j.
           少到中等量饮酒有可能有助于降低血栓性疾病风险。对
                                                                   jacc.2018.01.060.
           于尚未饮酒者,特别是年轻人来说,也不必通过饮酒的                            [7]FERNÁNDEZ-SOLÀ J. Cardiovascular risks and benefits of moderate
           方式来降低心血管风险。根据既往研究结果,建议将                                 and heavy alcohol consumption[J]. Nat Rev Cardiol,2015,12(10):
           酒精摄入上限下调为每周 100 g 以下(相当于每周 7~10                         576-587. DOI:10.1038/nrcardio.2015.91.
           个标准量的酒精饮料),此时不会增加全因死亡风险,                            [8]POPOVA S,DOZET D,SHIELD K,et al. Alcohol's impact
           不过可能会降低心血管风险。中老年人可接受上述饮酒                                on the fetus[J]. Nutrients,2021,13(10):3452. DOI:
                                                                   10.3390/nu13103452.
           方式,但应除外年轻人、孕妇、成瘾者、心律失常患
                                                               [9]RUMGAY H,MURPHY N,FERRARI P,et al. Alcohol and
           者、肝病患者、胰腺疾病患者及胃肠道或乳腺癌高风险                                cancer:epidemiology and biological mechanisms[J]. Nutrients,
           患者  [54] 。地中海饮食将适度饮酒与科学饮食相结合,                           2021,13(9):3173. DOI:10.3390/nu13093173.
           可作为健康饮酒模式的推荐范例。葡萄酒(尤其是红葡                            [10]OKARU A O,LACHENMEIER D W. Margin of exposure analyses
           萄酒)的多酚含量很高(可水解单宁、白藜芦醇等),                                 and overall toxic effects of alcohol with special consideration of
           在许多研究中已被证实对健康有益,但与其他酒精饮料                                 carcinogenicity[J]. Nutrients,2021,13(11):3785. DOI:
                                                                    10.3390/nu13113785.
           相比,其优势尚未得到充分证明              [55] 。
                                                               [11]POHL K,MOODLEY P,DHANDA A D. Alcohol's impact on the
               综上所述,饮酒对于 CVH 的影响,特别是少到中
                                                                    gut and liver[J]. Nutrients,2021,13(9):3170. DOI:
           等量饮酒是否有益,即在饮酒量与心血管不良终点事件                                 10.3390/nu13093170.
           间是否存在“剂量 - 效应”的“J”型或“U”型曲线关                         [12]CHIKRITZHS T,LIVINGSTON M. Alcohol and the risk of
           系,因研究对象的种族、生活地域、文化传统、饮酒方                                 injury[J].  Nutrients,2021,13(8):2777.  DOI:
           式、酒精饮料类型差异,其他混扰因素的影响及研究方                                 10.3390/nu13082777.
                                                               [13]FONG M,SCOTT S,ALBANI V,et al. ‘Joining the dots’:
           法的局限性,结果可能存在差异或矛盾。尽管如此,更
                                                                    individual,sociocultural and environmental links between
           多证据支持中老年人、缺血性心血管疾病患者、糖尿病
                                                                    alcohol consumption,dietary intake and body weight-a narrative
           患者能通过规律的少到中等量饮酒的方式降低心血管事                                 review[J].  Nutrients,2021,13(9):2927.  DOI:
           件风险,但仍需进一步研究加以证实。                                        10.3390/nu13092927.
               作者贡献:任金霞负责选题、建立立论观点及查阅                          [14]REHM J,ROVIRA P,LLAMOSAS-FALCÓN L,et al. Dose-
           文献、整理研究结果、分析观点;骆雷鸣负责对选题指                                 response relationships between levels of alcohol use and risks of
                                                                    mortality or disease,for all people,by age,sex,and specific
           导,对文章涉及观点及立论依据进行审阅和修订,对文
                                                                    risk factors[J]. Nutrients,2021,13(8):2652. DOI:
           章整体负责。
                                                                    10.3390/nu13082652.
               本文无利益冲突。                                        [15]RUMGAY H,SHIELD K,CHARVAT H,et al. Global burden of
           参考文献                                                     cancer in 2020 attributable to alcohol consumption:a population-
           [1]ANDERSON P. The impact of alcoholic beverages on human   based study[J]. Lancet Oncol,2021,22(8):1071-1080.
               health[J].  Nutrients,2021,13(12):4417.  DOI:        DOI:10.1016/S1470-2045(21)00279-5.
               10.3390/nu13124417.                             [16]ROERECKE M. Alcohol's impact on the cardiovascular system[J].
           [2]NUTT  D,HAYES  A,FONVILLE  L,et  al.  Alcohol  and    Nutrients,2021,13(10):3419. DOI:10.3390/nu13103419.
               the  brain[J].  Nutrients,2021,13(11):3938.  DOI:  [17]DUDLEY R,MARO A. Human evolution and dietary ethanol[J].
               10.3390/nu13113938.                                  Nutrients,2021,13(7):2419. DOI:10.3390/nu13072419.
           [3]XI B,VEERANKI S P,ZHAO M,et al. Relationship of alcohol   [18]WHITMAN I R,AGARWAL V,NAH G,et al. Alcohol abuse and
               consumption to all-cause,cardiovascular,and cancer-related   cardiac disease[J]. J Am Coll Cardiol,2017,69(1):13-24.
               mortality in US adults[J]. J Am Coll Cardiol,2017,70(8):  DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2016.10.048.
               913-922. DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.06.054.        [19]BELL S,DASKALOPOULOU M,RAPSOMANIKI E,et al.
           [4]VAN DE LUITGAARDEN I A T,SCHRIEKS I C,KIENEKER L M,   Association between clinically recorded alcohol consumption and
   38   39   40   41   42   43   44   45   46   47   48