Page 40 - 中国全科医学2022-16期

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populations. Exploring the willingness，status，measures and influencing factors of adults' weight management，may contribute to
the development of a reasonable，scientific，and easily operable method for reaching or maintaining a healthy weight. Objective
To understand the prevalence and associated factors regarding achieving or maintaining a healthy weight in residents aged 18-79 in
Beijing. Methods A survey was conducted from August to December 2017 with a stratified multistage sample of 13 188 permanent
residents aged 18-79 from Beijing's 16 districts using a self-compiled questionnaire for understanding their self-assessed
weight，weight changes within the past 12 months，and use of methods for weight control. The prevalence of weight management
was compared by different characteristics. Methods for weight management used by weight controllers were comparatively analyzed
by sex and age. We explored the differences in daily dietary habits and physical activity between weight controllers and non-
weight controllers. Multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the factors associated with the implementation of weight
management. Results The overall prevalence of weight management in the residents over the last 12 months was 29.90%
（3 947/13 188）. The prevalence of weight management differed statistically by sex，marital status，level of education，
diabetes prevalence，current smoking status，physical activity status，voluntary health check-ups，assessment of weight，
change in weight over the past 12 months，and BMI（P<0.05）. Diet control〔87.31%（3 446/3 947）〕 and physical exercise〔78.34%
（3 092/3 947）〕were the most widely used weight management methods. The proportion of men who used physical exercise and
smoking for weight control was significantly higher than that of women（P<0.001），whereas the proportion of women who used
diet control and weight loss medications for weight control was significantly higher than that of men（P<0.05）. The proportion
of residents who used physical exercise and smoking for weight control was differed statistically by age groups（P<0.05）.
2 668 cases（67.60%）used both diet control and physical exercise to control weight，among whom 60-70 year olds accounted for
a higher percentage than did 18-44 year olds and 45-59 year olds（P<0.001）. 625 cases（15.83%）relied only on diet control
to control weight，among whom 18-44 year olds accounted for a higher percentage than did 45-59 year olds and 60-79 year olds
（P<0.001）. The prevalence of weight management by physical activity or smoking differed significantly across age groups.
Compared with non-weight controllers，weight controllers had lower prevalence of inadequate intake of fresh fruit and vegetables
and excessive intake of red meat（P<0.05）. Moreover，they had higher prevalence of doing ≥ 150 min of moderate to vigorous
intensity activities per week（P<0.001）. Furthermore，they had higher prevalence of spending ≥ 4 hours per day in leisure-
time sedentary behaviors（P<0.001）. Multivariate regression analysis showed that age<60 years，women，married/unmarried
cohabitation，higher level of education（junior high school and above），current non-smoking，alcohol consumption within
the past 7 days，physical inactivity，voluntary physical examinations，correctly assessing one's own weight，weight gain/loss
≥ 2.5 kg in the past 12 months，and having a BMI within the range of normal to obesity were associated with higher possibility
of implementing weight management（P<0.05）. Conclusion In these Beijing residents aged 18-79 years，diet control and
increased exercise were popular for weight control，but the use of unhealthy weight management methods was also found. When
guiding residents to use proper methods to control weight，individualized management programs should be developed with sex，
age，education level and other factors taken into consideration.
【Key words】 Weight management；Self-assessment weight；Body mass index；Root cause analysis；Beijing

超重、肥胖与各种慢性病的发病率和死亡率上升有 依据。
关 ［1］ ，即使体质量减轻 3%~5%，即轻微减重，也能带 1 对象与方法
来可观的健康益处 ［2］ 。既往针对体质量管理的研究多 1.1 研究对象 北京市成人慢性病与危险因素调查采
侧重于对不同减重方法的干预效果进行评价与比较， 用多阶段分层抽样方法。2017 年 8—12 月，首先根据
且多聚焦于肥胖症患者、孕产妇、糖尿病患者等特殊群 北京市各区人口数在16个区各随机抽取1~10个乡镇/街
体 ［3］ 。《健康中国行动（2019—2030 年）》倡导成年 道（共计抽取 110 个乡镇 / 街道），其次在每个乡镇 / 街
人维持健康体质量 ［4］ 。健康人群同样存在体质量管理 道按照规模大小成比例的概率抽样方法各抽取 3 个村
的需求，然而目前有关居民体质量自我管理现状及其影 / 居委会，接着在每个村 / 居委会各随机抽取 1 个居民
响因素、体质量控制措施与手段的调查研究较少，且现 小组，最后在各居民小组管辖范围内的每户家庭中采用
有研究的结论不完全一致 ［5］ 。本研究利用 2017 年北京 KISH 表法确定 1 例调查对象。纳入标准：（1）为北京
市成年人慢性病与危险因素调查数据，探讨 18~79 岁 市常住居民，即在过去 12 个月中，在北京市累计居住
人群健康体质量管理现状及其影响因素，了解不同特征 ≥ 6 个月；（2）年龄为 18~79 岁，户籍不限；（3）对
人群对体质量管理的接受程度及行为偏好，旨在为构建 调查知情，且自愿参与本研究。本研究最终纳入符合标
并运行针对性强、接受度高的健康体质量管理模式提供 准且基本信息完整的 18~79 岁常住居民 13 188 例。本