Page 107 - 中国全科医学2022-11

·1384· http://www.chinagp.net E-mail:zgqkyx@chinagp.net.cn

6.General Medicine and Medical Affairs Department，Liuba County Yuhuangmiao Town Central Hospital，Hanzhong 724103，
China
7.Han Sen Village Community Health Service Center，Xincheng District，Xi 'an 710043，China
8.Xinhe Community Health Service Center of International Port District，Xi 'an 710000，China
9.Community Health Service Center，West Street，North Yuan，Lianhu District，Xi 'an 710002，China
*
Corresponding author：ZHENG Jinping，Chief physician，Professor，Doctoral supervisor；E-mail：18928868238@163.com
【Abstract】 Background For a period of time， the outbreak of the COVID-19 outbreak in many urban villages in our
country had caused concern. The dense and complex population structure of urban villages， with their inter-regional mobility，
posed a challenge to the prevention and control of the epidemic. Objective Urban village areasare more prone to regional
outbreaks of infectious diseases because of their spatial environment，demographic characteristics，cross-regional mobility and
the characteristics of residents' medical treatment behavior. The purpose of this study was tounderstand the characteristics of the
COVID-19 epidemic situation in urban villages and the current situation and difficulties of primary care institutions in carrying
out COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control measures，in order to provide references for primary care institutions to deal with
normalized prevention and control，social dynamic clearing work and future infectious disease prevention and control. Methods
By using public opinion analysis，literature retrieval，online interviews with epidemic prevention and control personnel and
experts in urban village，the epidemic situation，prevention and control status of urban village were summarized，and the
existing weak links and important loopholes were analyzed. Results Based on the relevant information，a total of six points of
concern were extracted：（1） The number of mapping and screening objects was large，which was the focus and difficulty of
epidemic prevention and control work in urban villages.（2） There was not strict closed-loop management lead to virus carriers
who were not timely controlled，which caused a risk of spreading the epidemic.（3） The prevention and control of nosocomial
infection in primary care institutions was not in place.（4）There were loopholes in the inspection of close contacts in the principle
of territorial management；close contacts who did not live and work in the same administrative area but only screened in their
living places，which may lead to the spread of the epidemic in workplaces where secondary close contacts may be at risk of
infection were not screened in a timely manner.（5） Overload had become the norm，highlighting the large gap in primary health
care manpower.（6） During the normalization of epidemic prevention and control，residents were paralyzed and careless，
and the phenomenon of not wearing masks in public places and crowd gathering was common. Health education still needs to be
strengthened and emphasized that residents were the first responsible for their own health. Conclusion Primary care providers
played an important role in the prevention and control of COVID-19 in urban village by undertaking community management，
outpatient treatment，public health services，health education，vaccination，quarantine hotel stationing，joint prevention
and control，etc. It was recommended that additional fever sentinel clinics be set up for early detection and isolation to avoid
further spread of the epidemic，rental houses be requisitioned to meet the demand for isolated medical observation，primary care
institutions be strengthened for hospitalization and prevention，green relief channels be opened to protect special groups from
medical treatment，volunteers be organized to reinforce primary care institutions，and health education emphasized that residents
were the first to be responsible for maintaining their own health and raised personal awareness of the risk of COVID-19 prevention
and control.
【Key words】 COVID-19；Urban villages；Primary health care；Disease prevention and control；Strategy suggestion

2019 年新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情暴发至今已有两年，截至 针对我国部分省市新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情在城中村区域情况
2021 年 12 月新型冠状病毒历经多次变异，目前已有 11 种变 突出，本文通过采用文献检索、舆情分析、基层疫情防控人
异毒株，包括阿尔法、贝塔、德尔塔、奥密克戎等。其中变 员访谈、专家咨询等方法，总结城中村疫情发生特点及防控
异株奥密克戎已在南非、英国等多个国家和地区流行。相比 现状，分析存在的薄弱环节和重要漏洞，探索适合于城中村
此前流行的变异株，奥密克戎具有大量关键突变，其传播力 疫情防控工作的举措和相关建议。
和隐匿性更强，且存在免疫逃逸，更容易多点散发或集中暴发。 1 城中村的特点
截至 2021-12-08，全球共有 57 个国家和地区报告奥密克戎变 1.1 城中村的定义 城中村是我国城市化进程中阶段性的社
异株。截至 2022-01-20，奥密克戎波及我国 14 个省 ［1］ 。 会形态之一，是滞后于时代发展步伐、相对游离于现代城市
城中村因其空间环境、人口结构特征、跨区域流动的特 管理之外、生活水平低下的居民区。城中村既与现代城市相
点容易发生传染病的聚集性暴发，是我国新型冠状病毒肺炎 区别，又不同于传统的农村，兼有城乡社区的部分要素，体
疫情防控薄弱且需要重点关注的区域。但业界关于传染性疾 现着农村城市化的过渡性特征 ［2-3］ 。
病在城中村的防控研究鲜少，说明该区域尚未被重点关注。 1.2 城中村的环境特点 建筑密度大，楼宇建筑不规整，没