Page 7 - 中国全科医学2022-10

·1156· http://www.chinagp.net E-mail:zgqkyx@chinagp.net.cn

【Abstract】 Background The major promise for promoting primary care intuitions to take the initiative to play an active
role in containing the COVID-19 pandemic is defining the duties and roles that they should undertake. Objective To review the
policy documents related to COVID-19 issued by China's health administrative departments to make a systematic summary of the
responsibilities and duties that should be undertaken by primary care institutions，offering guidance for COVID-19 containment
in various regions of China. Methods In August 2021，we searched the official websites of the National Health Commission of
the People's Republic of China（PRC）and its subordinate institutions for policy documents related to COVID-19 using "primary
careinstitutions" "prevention and control at the community level" "COVID-19" and "COVID-19 prevention and control" as the
main search terms. The policy documents containing "COVID-19 prevention and control" and "primary careinstitutions" were
sorted out in chronological order of publication，and their contents were intensively reviewed，organized，summarized and
analyzed. Results Thirty-four policy documents extracted from the official websites of the National Health Commission of the
PRC and its three subordinate institutions（Department of Primary Health，the former Bureau of Medical Administration and
the former Bureau of Disease Prevention and Control）were finally enrolled. They were mainly formulated by the Joint Prevention
and Control Mechanism of the State Council in Response to the COVID-19，General Office and Department of Primary Health
of the National Health Commission of the PRC. According to these policy documents，the major responsibilities of primary care
institutions in containing COVID-19 include：early detection and reporting the suspected COVID-19 cases；receiving trainings
regarding knowledge related to COVID-19 containment and emergency preparedness drills for coping with the pandemic；
strengthening nosocomial COVID-19 infection containment and personal protection against the pandemic；cooperating with the
community in fighting the COVID-19 pandemic；implementing health education about COVID-19 containmentusing a scientific
approach；health management of priority populations；collecting and submitting nucleic acid samples；COVID vaccination.
Conclusion Primary care institutions play a vital role in containing COVID-19 in China. The local governments should follow
policy guidelines，and take measures according to the local conditions to facilitate the primary care in stitutions to better their
performance in response to COVID-19 as frontline responders.
【Key words】 COVID-19；Communicable disease control；Primary health care institutions；Health policy

国内新型冠状病毒肺炎（简称新冠肺炎）疫情的 施执行的文件。但政策层面对基层医疗卫生机构的
发生，致使众多企业停工停产、学校延期开学，对 关注度相对较低，少数涉及基层医疗卫生机构的政
全国人民的生活产生了重大的影响。新冠肺炎是近 策文本也仅对其承担的部分工作做出了要求和规范。
百年来人类遭遇的影响范围最广的全球性大流行病， 目前，尚无政策文件全面且系统地阐述基层医疗卫
对人类生命安全和健康造成了严重威胁。《“健康 生机构在新冠肺炎疫情防控中应当承担的主要任务。
中国 2030”规划纲要》明确提出，要坚持“以基层 本文通过梳理国家卫生健康委员会、国家卫生健康
为重点，预防为主”的新时期卫生与健康工作方针， 委员会基层卫生健康司、国务院应对新冠肺炎疫情
将卫生健康的工作重心下移，充分发挥基层医疗卫 联防联控机制等多部委发布的政策文件，系统总结
生机构“健康守门人”的作用 ［1］ 。基层医疗卫生机 基层医疗卫生机构在疫情防控中应承担的工作任务，
构主要包括城市的社区卫生服务中心（站）和农村 明确其工作职能，旨在助力基层结合当前疫情防控
的乡镇卫生院及村卫生室，为居民提供包括基本医疗 形势因地制宜开展疫情防控工作，守好疫情防控的
和公共卫生服务在内的初级卫生保健服务。疫情防控 “第一线”。通过初步梳理相关政策文件发现，现
工作经验提示，应着力提升基层医疗卫生机构的基本 有政策主要针对社区卫生服务中心和乡镇卫生院这
公共卫生服务能力，充分发挥其在新冠肺炎疫情防 两类机构，尤其以社区卫生服务中心更为突出。因此，
控中的“网底”“第一道防线”作用。明确基层医 本研究中的“基层医疗卫生机构”主要指的是城市
疗卫生机构在疫情防控中应该承担的职责和工作任 社区卫生服务中心和农村乡镇卫生院。
务，是基层医疗卫生机构充分发挥作用的首要前提。 1 资料与方法
而如何确保基层医疗卫生机构从严从紧把疫情防控 1.1 文献检索策略 于 2021 年 8 月，研究者通过查
各项工作落实、落细，就成了疫情防控的关键一环。 询国家卫生健康委员会及其下设委机关的官方网站，
我国发生新冠肺炎疫情以来，卫生健康行政部门 以“基层医疗卫生机构 / 基层机构 / 基层防控，新型
出台了包括工作方案、管理方案及服务指南等一系 冠状病毒肺炎 / 新冠肺炎，新冠肺炎疫情防控 / 新冠
列政策文件，这些文件中既有新冠肺炎疫情防控的 疫情防控 / 疫情防控”为检索词，检索 2019 年 12 月
纲领性文件，也有聚焦疫情防控具体实施办法与措 至 2021 年 8 月出台的与主题相关的规范性文件。