Page 126 - 中国全科医学2022-01
P. 126
http://www.chinagp.net E-mail:zgqkyx@chinagp.net.cn ·251·
限制睡眠、晚上暗红光治疗,结果发现,在所有的治疗组中, Hypertension,2015,65(3):644-650.
夜间睡眠和日间警觉性均没有改善,唯有晨光治疗在治疗期 [7]XIANG Y T,MA X,CAI Z J,et al. The prevalence of insomnia,
间对患者的活动节律有所改善,并且在这项研究中,早晨明 its sociodemographic and clinical correlates,and treatment in
rural and urban regions of Beijing,China:a general population-
亮的光线不仅没有使昼夜节律提前,还延迟了昼夜节律。亦
based survey[J]. Sleep,2008,31(12):1655-1662. DOI:
有荟萃分析表明,光疗对痴呆患者的认知功能、睡眠、激越
10.1093/sleep/31.12.1655.
行为或与之相关的精神症状均没有影响 [75] 。这可能是因为治
[8]BUSCEMI N,VANDERMEER B,HOOTON N,et al. Efficacy
疗效果容易受到患者群体异质性的限制,以及昼夜节律相位 and safety of exogenous melatonin for secondary sleep disorders and
标记物的不同使用、光照强度和时间以及治疗的依从性的影 sleep disorders accompanying sleep restriction:meta-analysis[J].
响。临床医生应该根据最佳判断来决定每个患者合适的光照 BMJ,2006,332(7538):385-393.
强度和时间。 [9]TERMAN M,TERMAN J S. Light therapy for seasonal and
因此,在实践中推荐光疗还为时尚早,需要进一步研究 nonseasonal depression:efficacy,protocol,safety,and side
effects[J]. CNS Spectr,2005,10(8):647-663;quiz672.
确定适当的光照强度、频率、间隔,以及针对不同类型和严
DOI:10.1017/s1092852900019611.
重程度的患者的干预时间。
[10]SATEIA M J. International classification of sleep disorders-third
6 结语
edition:highlights and modifications[J]. Chest,2014,146(5):
光疗作为治疗 CRSWD 的一种有效的非药物治疗方法, 1387-1394. DOI:10.1378/chest.14-0970.
不仅能够改善 CRSWD 患者的睡眠问题,还能改善患者精神疾 [11]SACK R L,AUCKLEY D,AUGER R R,et al. Circadian rhythm
病以及有关躯体疾病的相关症状,且疗效可长期维持。同时 sleep disorders:part II,advanced sleep phase disorder,delayed
也需要重视其不足之处:(1)光疗的不良反应虽然比较轻微 sleep phase disorder,free-running disorder,and irregular sleep-
和短暂,如头痛、眼疲劳、恶心、呕吐和轻度躁狂等。但是 wake rhythm. An American Academy of Sleep Medicine review[J].
对于有眼科疾病,如视网膜病变、偏头痛、躁狂症的患者,光 Sleep,2007,30(11):1484-1501.
[12]ARCHER S N,CARPEN J D,GIBSON M,et al. Polymorphism
疗不是一种好的方法。(2)光疗疗程较长,需要花费一定的
in the PER3 promoter associates with diurnal preference and delayed
时间和精力。但因为很多躯体和精神疾病均伴随着 CRSWD,
sleep phase disorder[J]. Sleep,2010,33(5):695-701.
其中的因果关系尚不明确,相对于高成本、不良反应多的药
DOI:10.1093/sleep/33.5.695.
物治疗和其他非药物治疗的高复杂性,光疗作为一种简单、 [13]MICIC G,LOVATO N,GRADISAR M,et al. The etiology of
有效的干预措施值得优先考虑。目前光疗采用的光强、照射 delayed sleep phase disorder[J]. Sleep Med Rev,2016,27:
时间及照射时长存在明显的异质性,光疗的量效关系也有待 29-38. DOI:10.1016/j.smrv.2015.06.004.
进一步研究。同时,在光疗时如何结合患者的兴趣爱好及生 [14]SATOH K,MISHIMA K,INOUE Y,et al. Two pedigrees of
活方式进行治疗,提高患者依从性等问题均值得深入探讨。 familial advanced sleep phase syndrome in Japan[J]. Sleep,
2003,26(4):416-417. DOI:10.1093/sleep/26.4.416.
作者贡献:陈凤负责文章的构思与设计、资料收集与整理,
[15]TOH K L,JONES C R,HE Y,et al. An hPer2 phosphorylation
撰写并进行中英文修订,文献整理;樊梅负责论文审校,对
site mutation in familial advanced sleep phase syndrome[J].
文章整体负责、监督管理;向婷、潘集阳负责论文的质量控制。
Science,2001,291(5506):1040-1043.
本文无利益冲突。 [16]UCHIYAMA M,LOCKLEY S W. Non-24-hour sleep-wake rhythm
参考文献 disorder in sighted and blind patients[J]. Sleep Med Clin,
[1]LEUFSTADIUS C,ERLANDSSON L K,EKLUND M. Time use and 2015,10(4):495-516. DOI:10.1016/j.jsmc.2015.07.006.
daily activities in people with persistent mental illness[J]. Occup [17]CAMPBELL S S,DIJK D J,BOULOS Z,et al. Light treatment
Ther Int,2006,13(3):123-141. DOI:10.1002/oti.207. for sleep disorders:consensus report. Ⅲ .Alerting and activating
[2]BENCA R,DUNCAN M J,FRANK E,et al. Biological rhythms, effects[J]. J Biol Rhythms,1995,10(2):129-132.
higher brain function,and behavior:Gaps,opportunities,and [18]MORGENTHALER T I,LEE-CHIONG T,ALESSI C,et al.
challenges[J]. Brain Res Rev,2009,62(1):57-70. Practice parameters for the clinical evaluation and treatment of
[3]ERREN T C,LEWIS P. Hypothesis:ubiquitous circadian disruption circadian rhythm sleep disorders.An American Academy of Sleep
can cause cancer[J]. Eur J Epidemiol,2019,34(1):1-4. Medicine report[J]. Sleep,2007,30(11):1445-1459.
[4]GARAULET M,MARTINEZ-NICOLAS A,RUIZ J R, DOI:10.1093/sleep/30.11.1445.
et al. Fragmentation of daily rhythms associates with obesity and [19]AUGER R R,MORGENTHALER T I. Jet lag and other sleep
cardiorespiratory fitness in adolescents:the HELENA study[J]. disorders relevant to the traveler[J]. Travel Med Infect Dis,
Clin Nutr,2017,36(6):1558-1566. 2009,7(2):60-68. DOI:10.1016/j.tmaid.2008.08.003.
[5]MCHILL A W,WRIGHT K P Jr. Role of sleep and circadian [20]SAMEL A,WEGMANN H M. Bright light:a countermeasure for
disruption on energy expenditure and in metabolic predisposition to jet lag?[J]. Chronobiol Int,1997,14(2):173-183. DOI:
human obesity and metabolic disease[J]. Obes Rev,2017,18(Suppl 10.3109/07420529709001154.
1):15-24. DOI:10.1111/obr.12503. [21]BOIVIN D B,JAMES F O. Circadian adaptation to night-shift work
[6]LI Y,VGONTZAS A N,FERNANDEZ-MENDOZA J,et al. Insomnia by judicious light and darkness exposure[J]. J Biol Rhythms,
with physiological hyperarousal is associated with hypertension[J]. 2002,17(6):556-567. DOI:10.1177/0748730402238238.