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·410· http: //www.chinagp.net E-mail: zgqkyx@chinagp.net.cn February 2023, Vol.26 No.4
of the Data-center of China Health Science,number of AIDS patients,AIDS incidence,number of patients dying of AIDS,
AIDS mortality in China during 2004—2018 were extracted from the overall information during the period. The Joinpoint regression
model was used to estimate the trend of AIDS incidence and mortality,and to calculate the annual percent change(APC)and
average annual percent change(AAPC). The age-period-cohort model was used to assess the influence of age,period and cohort
on the trend of AIDS incidence and mortality. Results During the period from 2004 to 2018,the incidence of AIDS in China
increased from 0.248 9/100 000 to 4.956 9/100 000,and AIDS mortality increased from 0.060 5/100 000 to 1.431 2/100 000.
Joinpoint regression analysis revealed that the incidence and mortality of AIDS in China had an average annual increase
of 22.70%〔95%CI(20.70%,24.80%)〕and 18.80%〔95%CI(12.10%,25.90%)〕in the period,respectively
(P<0.05). The age-period-cohort analysis indicated that age,period and cohort all affected AIDS incidence and mortality
(P<0.05). The temporal trend in age-specific AIDS incidence or mortality showed a J-shaped curve of growth. The AIDS
incidence increased from 0.000 4/100 000 in 5-9-year-olds to 2 828.828 5/100 000 in 75-79-year-olds,and the AIDS
mortality increased from 0.000 4 in 5-9-year-olds to 740.297 4 in 75-79-year-olds. With the passage of time,the risk of AIDS
incidence and mortality increased gradually:compared with the rate ratio of AIDS incidence and mortality(RR=1.000 0)
in 2009—2013,the RR of AIDS incidence increased from 0.315 6〔95%CI(0.277 2,0.359 4)〕during 2004—2008 to 2.024 4
〔95%CI(1.877 1,2.183 2)〕during 2014—2018. The RR of AIDS mortality increased from 0.329 1〔95%CI(0.291 7,
0.371 3)〕in the period 2004—2008 to 1.522 6 in the period 2014—2018. The later the cohort was born,the greater the risk of
AIDS incidence and mortality:compared with the relative risk of AIDS incidence and mortality(RR=1.000 0)in 1969—1973
cohort,the RR of AIDS incidence increased from 0.000 1〔95%CI(0,0.000 4)〕in the 1929—1933 cohort to 471.385 3
〔95%CI(118.524 3,1 874.755 6)〕in the 2009—2013 cohort;the RR for mortality increased from 0.000 1 〔95%CI(0,
0.000 6)〕in the 1929—1933 cohort to 93.634 5〔95%CI(21.168 0,414.182 4)〕in the 2009—2013 cohort. Conclusion
AIDS incidence and mortality were on the rise in China during 2004—2018. AIDS incidence and mortality increased with age,
and the period and cohort effects on the risk of incidence and mortality increased. More efforts need to be made to strengthen AIDS
prevention and treatment in middle-aged and elderly people.
【Key words】 Acquired immuno-deficiency syndrome;Incidence;Mortality;Burden of illness;Trend analysis;
Age-period-cohort model
艾滋病又可称为获得性免疫缺陷综合征(AIDS), 的关系 [7] 。本研究基于中国公共卫生科学数据中心现
是由艾滋病病毒〔即人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)〕引起 有数据,并引入 Joinpoint 回归模型及年龄 - 时期 - 队
[1]
的一种病死率极高的恶性传染病 。尽管中国出台了“四 列模型,对 2004—2018 年中国艾滋病发病与死亡趋势
免一关怀”政策 [2] ,但艾滋病防控工作仍面临严峻挑战。 进行分析,并探究年龄、时期及队列 3 个因素对中国艾
2003 年,全国因法定传染病死亡的人数为 6 474 例,其 滋病发病率与死亡率的影响,以期能够为中国艾滋病防
中 379 例死于艾滋病,艾滋病是中国第五大传染病死因。 控工作提供参考与建议。
2008 年,全国因艾滋病死亡的人数增至 5 389 例,艾滋 1 资料与方法
病成为中国传染病致死的主要原因。2018 年,全国共 1.1 数据来源 于 2022 年 3 月,以中国公共卫生科学
报告 64 170 例新发艾滋病病例,因艾滋病死亡的人数
数据中心 2004—2018 年的网络直报系统数据作为数据
增至 18 780 例,是其他各种传染病死亡人数总和的 4.3 来源,提取 2004—2018 年中国艾滋病各年龄组发病人
倍 [3] 。2017 年,全球有近 3 690 万例艾滋病病毒感染者,
数、发病率、死亡人数及死亡率数据(数据库识别符:
约 94 万例因艾滋病死亡,约有 180 万例新发艾滋病病 c2ca694e-3995-4c7f-9078-3ed0aaf14556)。 由 于 0~4
毒感染病例 [4] 。由此可见,艾滋病仍是全球范围内最
岁及≥ 80 岁年龄组艾滋病发病与死亡情况数据缺失,
严重的公共卫生问题之一。Joinpoint 回归模型和年龄 -
因此本研究选取 5~79 岁居民的数据进行分析。
时期 - 队列模型目前已被广泛应用于流行病发病与死亡
趋势分析 [5-6] 。目前,国内学者多基于省 / 市级数据对 1.2 数据处理 采用 Excel 2019 软件建立 2004—2018
年中国艾滋病发病与死亡情况数据库,并进行绘图。利
艾滋病发病与死亡趋势进行分析,且尚缺乏将年龄 - 时
期 - 队列模型运用于艾滋病发病与死亡率趋势分析的研 用提取的原始数据计算 2004—2018 年中国历年艾滋病
究报道。通过运用年龄 - 时期 - 队列模型,可有效避免 发病人数、发病率、死亡人数及死亡率。各年龄组标准
年龄、时期和队列 3 个因素之间交互作用导致估计结果 化发病率、各年龄组标准化死亡率分别由各年龄组粗发
出现偏差这一问题的产生;能够在控制任意两个变量的 病率、各年龄组粗死亡率与各年龄组标准人口构成比计
情况下,分析第三个变量与艾滋病发病率 / 死亡率之间 算而得,其中各年龄组标准人数数据来源于国家统计局