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the gait speed,the patients were divided into tertiles(T1 group:≤ 0.6 m/s,T2 group:>0.6-0.8 m/s,T3 group:>0.8 m/s).
By the grip strength,they were divided into L1,L2 and L3 tertiles (L1 group:≤ 21.6 kg for males,≤ 14.6 kg for females;
L2 group:> 21.6 kg but ≤ 28.2 kg for males,>14.6 kg but ≤ 19.4 kg for females; L3 group:>28.2 kg for males,>19.4 kg for
females). Follow-up was conducted by telephone once every three months within one year after discharge and once half a year
after this until December 31,2019. All-cause mortality and falls were recorded. Survival curves were constructed by the Kaplan-
Meier method. Cox regression analysis was used to investigate the association of gait speed,grip strength,or their combination
with all-cause mortality and falls. ROC curves for comparing the ability of the two makers or their combination on predicting all-
cause mortality and falls. Results Among the 685 patients,29 (4.2%) were lost to follow-up,and the other 656 cases who
finished the follow-up with complete data were included for analysis. During the follow-up period,130 patients (19.8%) died
from all causes and 147 patients (22.4%) experienced falls. There were 222,225 and 209 patients in the low,moderate and
high tertiles of gait speed (T1,T2 and T3 groups),and 215,229 and 212 patients in the low,moderate and high tertiles
of grip strength(L1,L2 and L3 groups),respectively. Log-rank test showed that the cumulative survival curves of all-cause
mortality and falls differed significantly among T1,T2 and T3 groups (P<0.01). The same results were obtained in L1,L2
and L3 groups(P ≤ 0.01). Cox regression analysis with adjustment for potential confounders showed that compared to patients
in high tertiles of both gait speed and grip strength,the risk of all-cause mortality significantly increased in those both in low
gait speed and low or moderate tertiles grip strength〔HR=3.29,95%CI(1.13,9.55);HR=3.09,95%CI(1.08,8.85);
P<0.05〕,and the risk of fall significantly increased in those in low tertiles of both gait speed and grip strength 〔HR=1.92,
95%CI(1.13,4.27),P<0.05〕. The prediction probability of the joint diagnostic model of gait speed and grip strength was
estimated by Logistic regression analysis,and the AUC of the combination of them for predicting all-cause mortality and falls
was 0.756 〔95%CI (0.710,0.801)〕,and 0.700〔95%CI (0.659,0.741)〕,respectively. Conclusion In geriatric
inpatients,the combination of gait speed and grip strength had higher predictive value for all-cause mortality and falls,which is
helpful to optimize the health management.
【Key words】 Aged;Inpatients;Gait speed;Grip strength;Death;Accidental falls;Forecasting;Cohort studies
步速和握力作为简单、有效地评价老年人躯体功能 过心脑血管急性事件;(3)恶性肿瘤晚期或正在接受
和肌肉力量的指标,亦是衰弱和肌少症诊断的核心指 抗肿瘤治疗;(4)存在严重影响步速的疾病,如帕
标 [1-2] 。广泛的研究证据表明,步速和握力均是衰老和 金森病、近期髋部骨折及致残性卒中等。本研究在首
健康结局的生物标志物,与死亡、心血管疾病、失能、 都医科大学附属复兴医院伦理委员会备案(文件号:
认知功能下降等不良结局相关 [3-6] 。来自英国生物样本 2015FXHEC-KY016)。
库的对基线无心血管疾病的超40万人的队列研究显示, 1.2 方法
将步速或握力添加到欧洲心脏手术风险评估系统(Euro 1.2.1 一般资料和实验室检查指标收集 一般资料包括
SCORE)评分中能够提高对心血管疾病的风险预测,将 年龄、性别、身高、体质量、合并疾病情况、长期用药
二者联合添加时,预测效果更强 [7] 。一项基于中国健 数量,并根据身高和体质量计算体质指数(body mass
康与养老追踪调查的前瞻性队列研究显示,步速和握力 index,BMI);实验室检查指标包括血红蛋白、肌酐,
可以独立或联合预测社区老年人跌倒的发生,二者联合 并根据改良简化的 MDRD 公式计算估算肾小球滤过率
可能会提高对跌倒风险高危人群的预测 [8] 。目前国内 (eGFR) [9] 。
对步速和握力二者联合与住院老年患者出院后不良结局 1.2.2 步速测定 采用 6 米步行试验测定患者步速 [2] ,
的研究鲜见报道。本研究旨在探讨步速和握力对住院老 嘱患者按照平时速度从起点静止状态开始行走 6 m,在
年患者预后的影响,有助于优化老年人健康管理。 患者足尖越过测试起点时开始计时,在其足尖越过测试
1 对象与方法 区终点时结束计时,记录行走时间(s),共行走 2 次,
1.1 研究对象 选取 2015 年 8 月至 2018 年 12 月在首 取行走时间均值,计算行走速度(m/s)。依据步速
都医科大学附属复兴医院老年科住院的老年患者 656 例 三分位数将患者分为 T1、T2、T3 组,其中 T1 组步速
为研究对象。纳入标准:(1)年龄≥ 65 岁;(2)住 ≤ 0.6 m/s,T2 组步速为 >0.6~0.8 m/s,T3 组步速 >0.8
院时间 >24 h;(3)意识清晰,能完成步速、握力测定 m/s。
及老年综合评估内容;(4)自愿参与本研究并签订知 1.2.3 握力测定 采用电子读表式握力计〔香山 EH101
情同意书。排除标准:(1)长期卧床、痴呆晚期及失语; 握力计(产地:广东中山)〕测定患者握力 [2] 。患者
(2)因急性心肌梗死或卒中入院,或近 3 个月内发生 取站立位、伸肘测量,优势手用最大力量等距收缩,同