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           of mental disorders in women. Objective To analyze the death status and trend of mental disorders among female residents in
           Pudong New Area of Shanghai from 2005 to 2021. Methods Cause of death monitoring data of registered residents of the whole
           population in Pudong New Area from 2005 to 2021 were collated,and deaths of local female residents with mental disorders were
           analyzed by using indicators such as crude mortality rate,standardized mortality rate,years of life loss and rate of life loss,and
           annual percentage change(APC)and average annual percentage change(AAPC)were calculated by using Joinpont regression
           model for trend analysis. Results From 2005 to 2021,there were 1 165 female deaths from mental disorders in Pudong New
           Area of Shanghai,accounting for 0.32% of the total deaths in the same period. The crude mortality rate was 4.82/100 000,and the
           standardized mortality rate was 1.85/100 000. The crude mortality rate of female mental disorders in Pudong New Area of Shanghai
           showed a downward trend from 2005 to 2012(APC=-13.05%,P=0.002),and an upward trend from 2012 to 2021(APC=7.66%,
           P=0.012). The standardized mortality rate showed a downward trend from 2005 to 2012(APC=-16.79%,P<0.001),and a
           overall downward trend from 2005 to 2021(AAPC=-4.93%,P=0.009). The life loss rate showed a downward trend from 2005
           to 2012(APC=-13.79%,P<0.001),and an upward trend from 2012 to 2021(APC=6.93%,P=0.011). From 2005 to
           2021,the death age of female mental disorders in Pudong New Area of Shanghai was 50.8-105.8 years old,and the death age
           distribution was dominated by ≥ 80 years old(79.48%),and the death rate of female mental disorders ≥ 80 years old showed
           an overall upward trend(AAPC=0.98%,P=0.027). From 2005 to 2021,the proportion of women who died at aged 70-79 with
           mental disorders was 16.57%. The death rate(AAPC=-5.13%,P=0.026),crude mortality rate(AAPC=-7.20%,P=0.003)
           and life loss rate(AAPC=-6.89%,P=0.005)showed a downward trend as a whole. Conclusion From 2005 to 2021,the
           standardized mortality rate of female mental disorders in Pudong New Area of Shanghai showed a downward trend as a whole,
           but the death rate of female mental disorders ≥ 80 years old showed an overall upward trend. The burden of mental disorders
           among elderly female residents deserves attention of local authorities. Promoting the mental health of elderly women is conducive to
           improving the health level of local women.
               【Key words】 Mental disorders;Mortality;Healthy aging;Femininity;Shanghai;Average annual percentage
           change;Trend analysis



               精神障碍包含精神分裂症、心境障碍、偏执性精神                          水平。
           病、反应性精神病、脑器质性精神障碍等,患者预期寿                            1 资料与方法
           命一般低于同龄人        [1-2] 。我国居民精神障碍患病率为                 1.1 资料来源 以上海市浦东新区户籍女性居民为研
           0.46%,精神障碍居我国中部地区 2005—2016 年死因顺                    究对象,研究资料来源于该社区 2005—2021 年户籍居
           位前 10 位,严重影响居民健康           [3-4] 。有研究分析严重           民全死因监测系统库。女性人口构成资料(5 岁组)由
           精神疾病(severe mental illness,SMI)或物质使用障碍              上海市公安局浦东分局提供。死因分类按 2010 年国际
          (substance use disorder,SUD)的死亡风险发现,SMI(包            疾病分类第 10 版(ICD-10)进行编码,其中器质性(包
           括精神病性、双相情感障碍)患者的死亡风险是普通人                            括症状性)精神障碍编码范围为 F00-F09              [3,13] 。
           群的 1.5~2.6 倍,而 SUD(包括酒精和药物使用障碍)                     1.2 质量控制 居民精神障碍死亡个案资料由各级医
           的死亡风险也有所升高          [5-6] 。大多数精神障碍患者的过              疗机构按户籍地址出具死亡证明书,并实行网络直报,
           早死亡归因于心脏病、卒中、癌症或其他自然原因,且                            疾控中心进行审核。公安、民政、卫生健康部门对辖区
           目前缺乏全面而综合的治疗和护理来满足这一人群复杂                            所有的死亡个案进行核对与数据共享,上海市每季度对
           的健康需求     [7-8] 。尤其对于女性器质性(包括症状性)                   全市数据进行核对,对于漏报的个案及时分发到医疗机
           精神障碍患者而言,在平均期望寿命和老龄化加剧的社                            构进行核实补报,从而保证死亡个案报告的数量、质量
           会背景下,精神障碍导致的过早死亡需要得到正确评估,                           及死因链推断的准确性。
           以合理配置医疗资源来解决重要弱势群体的健康老龄化                            1.3 观察指标 对 2005—2021 年上海市浦东新区女性
           问题  [9-11] 。此外,我国发达地区有关女性精神障碍死                      精神障碍死亡数据进行整理,按照年龄组(0~,5~,
           亡率及疾病负担相关的研究报道较少,上海市浦东新区                            10~……85~ 岁年龄组)对数据进行分组,本研究采用
           是我国东部经济发达地区之一,居民死因登记系统较为                            的指标包括粗死亡率、标化死亡率、减寿年数和减寿
           完善,能为我国居民小分类死因分析提供样本                     [12-14] 。  率。死亡率的标化以 2010 年中国标准人口为参照                  [15] ;
           因此,本研究对 2005—2021 年浦东新区女性居民器质                       减寿年数用于分析女性精神障碍疾病的负担,其计算根
           性精神障碍死亡资料进行分析,有助于了解当地女性精                            据 MURRAY 等   [16] 提出的方法。本文使用世界卫生组
           神障碍疾病负担并探讨防治措施,以提高当地女性健康                            织在全球疾病负担(global burden of disease,GBD)研
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