Page 6 - 2022-27-中国全科医学

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《中国心血管健康与疾病报告 2021》要点解读

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马丽媛，王增武 ，樊静，胡盛寿 * 扫描二维码
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【摘要】 随着社会经济的发展，国民生活方式的变化，尤其是人口老龄化及城镇化进程的加速，居民不健康生
活方式问题日益突出，心血管疾病（CVD）危险因素对居民健康的影响更加显著，CVD 患病率和发病率仍在持续增高。
2019 年农村和城市 CVD 死亡人数分别占总死亡人数的 46.74% 和 44.26%，每 5 例死亡者中就有 2 例死于 CVD。推算
中国 CVD 现患人数为 3.3 亿，其中脑卒中 1 300 万，冠心病 1 139 万，心力衰竭 890 万，肺源性心脏病 500 万，心房
颤动 487 万，风湿性心脏病 250 万，先天性心脏病 200 万，下肢动脉疾病 4 530 万，高血压 2.45 亿。2019 年中国心脑
血管疾病的住院总费用为 3 133.66 亿元。CVD 负担持续加重，特别是农村地区。由于医疗资源配置的不平衡、对疾病
的认识较低及治疗的顺从性较差等原因，近几年农村地区冠心病和脑血管病的死亡率持续超过城市地区。同时也应看
到，中国在 CVD 的防控方面也在不断进步，吸烟率下降，高血压控制率不断上升，临床诊疗水平和基础研究也有大
幅进步，社区防治工作取得了一定成果，疾病后的康复工作愈发受到重视，医疗器械研发处于高速发展阶段。
【关键词】 心血管疾病；流行病学；健康影响因素；危险因素；患病率；死亡率；社区防治；康复；基础研究；
器械研发；费用，医疗
【中图分类号】 R 541 【文献标识码】 A DOI：10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2022.0506
马丽媛，王增武，樊静，等 . 《中国心血管健康与疾病报告 2021》要点解读［J］. 中国全科医学，2022，25（27）：
3331-3346.［www.chinagp.net］
MA L Y，WANG Z W，FAN J，et al. An essential introduction to the Annual Report on Cardiovascular Health and
Diseases in China（2021）［J］. Chinese General Practice，2022，25（27）：3331-3346.

An Essential Introduction to the Annual Report on Cardiovascular Health and Diseases in China（2021） MA
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Liyuan，WANG Zengwu ，FAN Jing，HU Shengshou *
National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases/Fuwai Hospital，Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences，Beijing 100037，China
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Corresponding authors：WANG Zengwu，Chief physician，Professor；E-mail：wangzengwu@foxmail.com
HU Shengshou，Academician of Chinese academy of engineering，Chief physician，Professor；E-mail：huss@fuwaihospital.org
【Abstract】 The prevalence and incidence of cardiovascular diseases（CVD） are increasing in Chinese residents due
to ever-deepening influence of associated risks caused by socioeconomic factors（such as the acceleration of population aging
and urbanization）and lifestyle changes（such as recently emerged unhealthy lifestyle factors）. In 2019，CVD-related death
accounted for 46.74% and 44.26% of all deaths occurring in China's rural and urban areas，respectively. Two out of every five
deaths were due to CVD. It is estimated that about 330 million individuals suffer from CVD in China，among whom the number of
those suffering from stroke，coronary heart disease，heart failure，pulmonary heart disease，atrial fibrillation，rheumatic heart
disease，congenital heart disease，lower extremity artery disease and hypertension is 13 million，11.39 million，8.9 million，
5 million，4.87 million，2.5 million，2 million，45.3 million and 245 million，respectively. In 2019，the total hospitalization
costs were 313.366 billion yuan for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The burden of CVD is continually increasing，
especially in rural areas. The mortality of coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular disease consistently exceeded the urban
level in recent years due to unequal allocation of healthcare resources，low awareness of such diseases and poor compliance to
the treatment. In the meantime，great progresses have been made in CVD prevention and control，such as decreased smoking
prevalence，improved hypertension control rate，significantly improved clinical diagnosis，treatment and basic research，
and enhanced community-based containment of CVD. Moreover，relevant rehabilitation has been increasingly valued，and the
research and development of medical devices are in a rapid stage of progress.
【Key words】 Cardiovascular disease；Epidemiology；Health influencing factors；Risk factors；Prevalence；Mortality；
Community-based prevention and control；Rehabilitation；Basic research；Medical device development；Fees，medical
100037 北京市，国家心血管病中心 中国医学科学院阜外医院
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通信作者：王增武，主任医师，教授；E-mail：wangzengwu@foxmail.com
胡盛寿，中国工程院院士，主任医师，教授；E-mail：huss@fuwaihospital.org
本文数字出版日期：2022-07-18