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           在拒绝如厕前都有便秘表现,频繁发生排便困难的儿童                                258-274. DOI:10.1097/MPG.0000000000000266.
           拒绝如厕的持续时间较长,因此更早且更有效地治疗便                            [6]BENNINGA M A,FAURE C,HYMAN P E,et al. Childhood
                                                                   functional  gastrointestinal  disorders:neonate/toddler[J].
           秘是降低拒绝如厕排便发生率和 / 或缩短其持续时间的
                                                                   Gastroenterology,2016,150(6):1443-1455. DOI:10.1053/j.
           潜在治疗方案      [34] 。
                                                                   gastro.2016.02.016.
               本研究调查了基层医生的儿童 FC 诊疗能力,虽然                        [7]WEGH  C  A  M,BAALEMAN  D  F,TABBERS  M  M,et  al.
           FC 是一种常见病,但基层医生的 FC 诊疗知识较薄弱,                            Nonpharmacologic treatment for children with functional constipation:
           存在向患儿及其家属提供非循证建议导致治疗效果不佳                                a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. J Pediatr,2022,
           的可能性,尤其是在 FC 诊断上忽视了大便失禁这一表                              240:136-149.e5. DOI:10.1016/j.jpeds.2021.09.010.
                                                               [8]HYAMS  J  S,LORENZO  C  D,SAPS  M,et  al.  Functional
           现的重要性。基层医生需要加强自身对粪便嵌塞的规范
                                                                   disorders:children and adolescents[J]. Gastroenterology,2016,
           管理能力,需要更全面地了解如厕训练,在日常接诊儿
                                                                   150:1456-1468. DOI:10.1053/j.gastro.2016.02.015.
           童患者时需要更全面地了解正确的如厕训练,以便能够                            [9]RAJINDRAJITH S,DEVANARAYANA N M,CRISPUS P B J,et al.
           教授患儿及家属正确的方法。因此,一方面应提高一般                                Childhood constipation as an emerging public health problem[J].
           婴幼儿及儿童家属的便秘知识水平,另一方面要对基层                                World J Gastroenterol,2016,22:6864-6875. DOI:10.3748/wjg.
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           医生的便秘相关指南实施情况进行评估,以确保儿童
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           FC 的早期诊断和及时治疗。另外,本研究结果提示,
                                                                    term prognosisfor childhood constipation:clinical outcomes in
           有必要对基层医生开展 FC 相关诊断和管理的培训,以                               adulthood[J]. Pediatrics,2010,126:e156-162. DOI:
           提高其对药物治疗的掌握度,使其能够给出快速解决问                                 10.1542/peds.2009-1009.
           题的方法 / 建议。本研究选取的研究对象仅来自北京市                          [11]PIJPERS M A M,BONGERS M E J,BENNINGA M A,et al.
           西城区,受限于样本来源地域、诊疗环境及诊疗水平,                                 Functional constipation in children:a systematic review on
                                                                    prognosis and predictive factors[J]. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr,
           本研究结果可能会存在偏倚,基层医生的整体 FC 诊疗
                                                                    2010,50:256-268. DOI:10.1097/MPG.0b013e3181afcdc3.
           情况尚需覆盖范围更广、样本量更大研究的证实。
                                                               [12]MALOWITZ S,GREEN M,KARPINSKI A,et al. Age of onset of
               作者贡献:刘宇春负责文章的构思与设计、论文撰                               functional constipation[J]. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr,2016,
           写;阴丽霞负责文献 / 资料收集;高丽平、丁兰负责数                               62(4):600-602. DOI:10.1097/MPG.0000000000001011.
           据收集;丁静负责研究的实施与可行性分析、英文修订;                           [13]TURCO R,MIELE E,RUSSO M,et al. Early-life factors
           于爽负责数据整理及统计学处理、结果的分析与解释;                                 associated with pediatric functional constipation[J]. J Pediatr
                                                                    Gastroenterol  Nutr,2014,58(3):307-312.  DOI:
           杜雪平负责文章的质量控制及审校,参与文章修订;刘
                                                                    10.1097/MPG.0000000000000209.
           宇春、杜雪平对文章整体负责,监督管理。
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               本文无利益冲突。                                             Prevalence of functional gastrointestinal disorders in infants and
           参考文献                                                     toddlers[J]. J Pediatr,2015,166(3):684-689. DOI:
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