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           Maternal intestinal flora and clinical laboratory test parameters were collected,and the composition and diversity of intestinal
           flora were analyzed using QIIME. LEfSe analysis was used to compare the relative abundance of intestinal flora at the genus level
           of the mothers of three groups of babies to identify the flora with significant intergroup differences. MaAslin was used to assess
           associations of maternal laboratory test parameters and microbial genera. The Boruta was used to build models for predicting three
           types of neonatal birth weight using maternal laboratory test parameters and intestinal flora OTUs,to assess the association of
           maternal intestinal floras and neonatal birth weight. Results The analysis of maternal intestinal floras showed that the abundance
           of Firmicutes was the highest at the phylum level,and Faecalibacterium was significantly enriched at the genus level. There
           were no significant differences in Simpson's Diversity Index and Shannon Diversity Index at the phylum level across the maternal
           intestinal floras of three groups of babies(P>0.05). LEfSe analysis found that compared with intestinal flora of mothers of LW
           group,the intestinal flora of mothers of NW group showed significantly enriched Streptococcus and Roseburia(P<0.05),and
           significantly reduced abundance of Bacillaceae,Raphanus,Methanosphaera,Barnesiella and Paraprevotella(P<0.05),while
           the intestinal flora of mothers of OW group demonstrated significantly enriched Closrtidiaceae and Alistipes as well as significantly
           reduced abundance of Barnesiella(P<0.05). Compared with intestinal flora of mothers of NW group,the intestinal flora of
           mothers of OW group indicated significantly enriched Megamonas,Coprococcus,Veillonellaceae,cc-115,Closrtidiaceae
           and Alistipes,and significantly reduced abundance of Blautia and Eggerthella(P<0.05). The area under ROC curve(AUC
           value) based on laboratory test parameter OTUs model and intestinal flora OTUs model was 0.62 and 0.77,respectively,in
           discriminating LW from NW,and was 0.65,and 0.78 respectively,in discriminating OW from NW. Conclusion Neonatal
           birth weight varied by the features of maternal intestinal floras. The OTUs model based on maternal intestinal flora could distinguish
           the neonatal birth weight. Maternal intestinal flora may be a good predictor of neonatal birth weight.
               【Key words】 Infant health;Birth weight;Gastrointestinal microbiome;LEfSe analysis;Random forests


               新生儿出生体质量不仅对其生长发育和健康状况评                          过全身抗生素、皮质酮、细胞因子、氨甲喋呤或其他免
           估具有重要意义,而且是儿童后期生长发育预测和成年                            疫毒性药物、激素拮抗剂和大剂量益生菌药物;(2)
           期疾病预测的重要指标          [1] 。新生儿出生体质量过高或                孕妇患严重心血管疾病、炎症性肠病、肠易激综合征、
           者过低都会严重影响新生儿的健康,甚至影响其母亲的                            腹腔疾病等;(3)孕妇为人类免疫缺陷病毒感染者;(4)
           健康  [2] 。新生儿出生体质量受多种因素影响,如母亲                        孕妇 5 年内进行过肠道手术;(5)孕妇患有由艰难梭
           文化程度、新生儿性别、孕次、流产史、孕期患病、孕                            菌或不明原因引起的慢性腹泻;(6)孕妇患有慢性便秘;
           期被动吸烟等      [3] 。已有研究表明,肠道菌群组成与体                    (7)孕妇患有妊娠期糖尿病或妊娠期高血压;(8)孕
           质量有密切关系      [4] 。肠道菌群结构受宿主基因型、饮食、                  妇在近 4 周内进行过常规抗生素治疗或益生菌补充。本
           分娩方式、抗生素使用和益生菌等因素的影响,其中饮                            研究经广州市妇女儿童医疗中心伦理委员会审批(伦理
           食结构是最直接且最容易控制的因素               [5] 。有研究揭示,          批件编号:2018030306)。
                                                       [6]
           饮食、宿主能量代谢和肥胖表型之间存在明显相关性 。                           1.2 研究方法
           胚胎期的环境和营养状况、遗传因素等都与新生儿出生                            1.2.1 资料收集及分组方法 在孕母至医院产检时,通
           体质量有密切联系        [7] 。另一方面,管理孕期体质量是                  过调查问卷收集其一般资料(如年龄、身高、体质量),
           孕期保健工作的重要内容之一,孕期体质量异常对妊娠                            并留取其血液、尿液及粪便样本。通过查阅医院病历系
           结局及母婴健康都有重要影响             [8-9] 。以往研究多围绕孕           统,采集新生儿的出生医学信息。根据新生儿出生体质
           妇肠道菌群与孕妇 BMI、不良妊娠结局和新生儿肠道菌                          量,将其分为低出生体质量儿组(LW 组,出生体质量
           群的关系开展      [10-11] ,较少有研究关注孕妇肠道菌群与                 <2 500 g,n=24)、正常体质量儿组(NW 组,出生体
           新生儿体质量的关系。因此,本研究拟探讨孕期母体肠                            质量为 2 500~3 999 g,n=479)、巨大儿组(OW 组,
           道微生物群及代谢状态与子代出生体质量的关系,从而                            出生体质量≥ 4 000 g,n=13)      [12] 。
           为通过改善孕期肠道微生态结构来降低子代健康风险提                            1.2.2 肠道菌群检测
           供参考。                                                1.2.2.1 粪便样本采集和 DNA 提取 使用带稳定液的
           1 对象与方法                                             粪便采集管收集孕妇的晨起空腹粪便,采集花生米大小
           1.1 研究对象 以 2017 年 1—9 月在广州市妇女儿童                     的新鲜便样,编号后置于 -80 ℃保存。采用 Qiagen 公
           医疗中心出生的 516 例新生儿及其孕母为研究对象。纳                         司 Stool DNA 提取试剂盒提取粪便 DNA,DNA 提取完成
           入标准:(1)孕妇无精神疾病史,能配合完成问卷调                            后行琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测 DNA 纯度和浓度,合格 DNA
           查和相关实验室检查;(2)自愿参与本研究并签署知                            用无菌水稀释至 1 ng/μl。
           情同意书。排除标准:(1)孕妇在过去 6 个月内使用                          1.2.2.2 生物学的聚合酶链反应(PCR)扩增和 PCR
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