Page 128 - 中国全科医学2022-07
P. 128
http://www.chinagp.net E-mail:zgqkyx@chinagp.net.cn ·893·
·新进展·
慢性病患者就医延迟评估工具及影响因素的研究进展
邹浩,姜东旭,张琳琳 * 扫描二维码
查看原文
【摘要】 就医延迟会导致慢性病并发症发生风险增加、治疗效果下降和慢性病患者生存质量降低。早期识别就
医延迟高风险人群并采取针对危险因素的干预策略,对于改善慢性病患者就医延迟现状具有重要意义。本文在文献回
顾的基础上,对包括就医障碍自评量表(BACE)、就医决策障碍感知量表(PBHSD)、脑卒中院前延迟意向测评量
表(SPDBI)、糖尿病诊治延误认知行为意向量表(DMDBIS)和 FISCHER 就医态度量表(ATMHSS)在内的慢性病患
者就医延迟评估工具进行系统总结,并以可控和不可控因素为分层依据,从社会人口学、疾病特征、心理因素和认知
因素角度出发,对影响慢性病患者就医延迟的因素进行归纳和分析,旨在为就医延迟评估和干预方案的构建提供参考
与依据。本文发现,目前,慢性病患者就医延迟评估工具的普适性和临床使用率偏低,且较少研究探讨其在预测慢性
病患者就医延迟中的效能和最佳阈值。对疾病认识不足、经济状况差和社会支持水平低是影响慢性病患者就医延迟的
重要因素。
【关键词】 慢性病;就医延迟;量表;影响因素;综述
【中图分类号】 R 36 R 45 【文献标识码】 A DOI:10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2021.00.296
邹浩,姜东旭,张琳琳 . 慢性病患者就医延迟评估工具及影响因素的研究进展[J]. 中国全科医学,2022,25(7):
893-898.[www.chinagp.net]
ZOU H,JIANG D X,ZHANG L L. Recent advances in evaluation tools and associated factors for patient delay in chronic
disease patients[J]. Chinese General Practice,2022,25(7):893-898.
Recent Advances in Evaluation Tools and Associated Factors for Patient Delay in Chronic Disease Patients ZOU Hao,
JIANG Dongxu,ZHANG Linlin *
School of Nursing,Harbin Medical University,Harbin 150081,China
*
Corresponding author:ZHANG Linlin,Professor,Master supervisor;E-mail:zhanglinlin1971@163.com
【Abstract】 Patient delay will lead to increased risk of complications,reduced treatment effectiveness and lowered
quality of life in chronic disease patients. Early identifying individuals with chronic diseases at high risk of patient delay,and
timely delivering targeted interventions to them may greatly improve current status of patient delay in this population. Based on a
literature review,we systematically summarized several major evaluation tools(including Barriers to Access to Care Evaluation
scale,Perceived Barriers to Health Care-seeking Decision,Stroke Pre-Hospital Delay Behavior Intention scale,Diabetes
Mellitus Diagnosis and Treatment Delayed Cognitive Behavioral Intention Scale,and Attitudes toward Medical Help-seeking
Scale developed by Fisher et al.)for patient delay in chronic disease patients,and analyzed controllable(mental and cognitive)
and uncontrollable(sociodemographic and disease-specific)factors associated with patient delay,offering evidence for the
assessment of patient delay and development of relevant interventions. We found that the applicability and clinical application rate
of these tools are low,and their predictive efficacy and threshold have been rarely studied,and patient delay may be significantly
associated with patients' insufficient knowledge of the disease,low economic level and low social support.
【Key words】 Chronic disease;Patient delay;Scale;Influencing factors;Review
就医延迟(patient delay)的概念最早由 PACK 等 [1] 提 为滞后 [2] 。慢性病患者就医延迟发生率为 26%~90%,其中,
出,指患者首次发现症状至首次就诊于医疗机构的间隔时间 良性前列腺增生、卒中、糖尿病、肺结核、乳腺癌和直肠癌
≥ 3 个月。国内学者将就医延迟定义为个体在发现身体异常 等患者更易发生就医延迟 [3-9] 。若患有急性心肌梗死(AMI)、
症状后,因客观或主观原因未能及时就医的行为,即求医行 主动脉夹层等起病急骤的疾病,就医延迟会导致患者错失最
佳治疗时机,进而增加其死亡风险;若患有糖尿病、前列腺
基金项目:黑龙江省自然科学基金资助项目(LH2019G011) 增生和癌症等病程较长、发病隐匿、病情迁延不愈的疾病,
150081 黑龙江省哈尔滨市,哈尔滨医科大学护理学院 就医延迟可导致患者就诊时疾病已处于严重阶段,不仅会大
*
通信作者:张琳琳,教授,硕士生导师;
E-mail:zhanglinlin1971@163.com 大降低疾病的临床治疗效果,还会增加患者的治疗负担,甚
本文数字出版日期:2021-11-24 至会影响其近、远期预后 [8] 。早期识别就医延迟高风险人群,