Page 87 - 中国全科医学2022-04

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prevention and treatment in residents of Taizhou，Zhejiang during 2017—2020，and to analyze the trend of changes as well as
influencing factors，providing scientific evidence for the precise implementation of actions for achieving "Healthy Taizhou 2030".
Methods This study was implemented from 2017 to 2020 with Taizhou permanent residents aged between 15 and 69 selected
using multistage random sampling，for investigating their demographics，socioeconomic features and health literacy about
infection disease prevention and treatment using the National Residents' Health Literacy Monitoring Questionnaire developed
by us. In January 2021，the data of health literacy about infection disease prevention and treatment of residents in Taizhou City
in four years was analyzed. The health literacy data during 2017—2020 were comparatively analyzed after being processed with
weight standardization，and the trend of changes during the period was analyzed using a Chi-squared test for linear trend. Binary
logistic regression was used for identifying factors associated with relevant health literacy of these residents in 2020. Results
The number of respondents for the survey conducted in four consecutive years from 2017 to 2020，was 3 595，5 389，5 929，
and 5 847，respectively. The samples in the four yearly surveys showed basically similar demographics，with those aged 45-54
（27.42%-30.46%），education level was junior high school（27.78%-29.93%），occupation was farmer（44.52%-58.03%）
accounting for the largest proportion. The urban to rural population ratio for the sample of four consecutive yearly surveys was
0.50∶1，0.55∶1，0.54∶1 and 0.52∶1，respectively. And the male to female ratio was 1∶1，0.95∶1，0.99∶1 and 0.94∶1，
respectively. The prevalence of having health literacy about infection disease prevention and treatment for 2017—2020 was 7.86%
（642/3 595），19.00%（1 024/5 389），19.51%（1 157/5 929），and 27.14%（1 587/5 847），respectively. After the
data were processed with weight standardization，the prevalence of health literacy regarding infectious disease prevention and
treatment in 15-69-year-old residents in 2017—2020 was 22.25%，24.72%，25.34% and 33.14%，respectively. The health
literary level regarding infectious disease prevention and treatment in the residents showed a successive linear increment during the
study period regardless of living in rural or urban areas，sex，age（except for 65-69 year olds），and education level（except
for illiteracy/lower illiteracy），and occupation（P<0.05）. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that gender，
age，education level，out-of-pocket health care costs in the past year，and annual household income were associated with
health literacy regarding infectious disease prevention and treatment（P<0.05）. Conclusion Our analysis indicates that some
advances in prevention and control as well as health education regarding infectious diseases have been achieved in Taizhou，but
there is still much room for improvement. In the "golden window" period for normalized prevention and control of COVID-19，it is
suggested that Taizhou should strengthen health education regarding infectious disease prevention and treatment for key groups，
such as those who are middle-aged and elderly，lower educated，or engage in a career as a farmer or worker，to further improve
relevant heath literacy of Taizhou residents.
【Key words】 Health literacy；Communicable diseases；Root cause analysis；Zhejiang

新型冠状病毒肺炎（简称新冠肺炎）疫情引发了一 传染病防控工作面临的未知挑战的有力武器。
场前所未有的全球公共卫生危机。世界卫生组织统计数 台州市作为浙江省内 GDP 超 5 000 亿、常住人口超
2
据显示，截至 2020 年 4 月 3 日 12 时，全球范围内新冠 600 万、人口密度超 600 人 /km 的高经济发展水平城
肺炎累计确诊病例达 129 619 536 例，累计死亡病例达 市 ［6］ ，“健康台州”建设是其高水平全面建成小康社
2 827 610 例 ［1］ 。当前，全球新冠肺炎新增病例数仍呈 会的重要内涵。自台州市委、市政府 2017 年发布《健
现持续上升态势。虽然我国新冠肺炎疫情防控形势平稳 康台州 2030 行动规划》（台市委发〔2017〕165 号）以来，
向好，但“外防输入、内防反弹”的压力依旧较大。受 全市全面推进健康促进场所建设，开展了“健康素养进
到全球化进程迅速加快、病毒基因变异、气候环境变化、 农村文化礼堂”“双百”（百场健康知识进村居、百场
人类疾病易感性改变、抗菌药物广泛使用和滥用等复杂 青春教育进校园）等系列活动，旨在构建健康传播网络、
因素的影响，新发传染病在全球范围内呈持续发展态势。 完善全民健康教育体系、保障居民健康生活。本研究对
我国在集中精力防控新冠肺炎疫情的同时，亟须从中总 2017—2020 年台州市居民传染病防治素养水平的变化
结经验，将传染病防控工作关口前移 ［2］ 。传染病防治 趋势及其影响因素展开分析，以期进一步巩固、拓展疫
素养反映了居民对传染病发生、预防和治疗知识的理解 情防控成果，为提高台州市居民传染病防治素养水平提
与应用 ［3］ 。居民传染病防治素养的提升是传染病防控 供政策建议，并为“健康台州行动”精准施策提供科学
工作扎实推进的直接体现 ［4］ ，对控制常见传染病传播、 依据。同时，本研究也能一定程度上揭示我国沿海发达
应对大规模传染病、增强我国应对公共卫生危机的能力 地区居民的传染病防治素养水平现况及其变化趋势。
具有重要意义 ［5］ 。居民具有高水平的传染病防治素养 1 对象与方法
是新冠肺炎疫情常态化防控的客观需要，更是应对未来 1.1 研究对象 2017—2020 年选取具有中国国籍且过