Page 97 - 2022-31-中国全科医学

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【Abstract】 Background The Outline of the "Healthy China 2030" Plan points out improve the health
literacy and lifestyle monitoring system covering the whole country，strengthen personal health responsibility，improve
residents' self-health management ability and health level，in order to greatly improve the level of national health
literacy. Scientific health literacy assessment tools can systematically understand the health literacy level of residents
and provide targeted interventions. The health literacy assessment started late in China. The content of existing health
literacy assessment tool should been improved，which is called Chinese Citizens' Health Literacy-Trial Implementation
of Basic Knowledge and Skills（to try out），because it is definitely important to create an effective and reliable health
literacy assessment tool. Objective Based on the perspective of active health，this paper reviews the relevant literature
on health literacy assessment tools at home and abroad. Methods Chinese and foreign databases of PubMed，Web of
Science，CNKI，Wanfang and VIP were systematically retrieved using keywords including "Health literacy" "Tool"
"Evaluation" "Assessment" "Questionnaire" "Scale". The related literature of health literacy assessment tools was obtained with
the retrieval time from 1990-01-01 to 2021-06-30，and the current situation and contents of health literacy assessment tools
were reviewed. Results A total of 47 health literacy assessment tools were screened，including 27 objective assessment tools and
20 subjective assessment tools. The most of research and development（R&D） and application is in the United States（22），
followed by Europe（13）. The number of English tools is the largest（25），followed by Portuguese（5），Italian（3） and
Spanish（2）. The evaluation time of REALM-SF，SILS is the shortest（1 minute），and the longest for MHLS（25 minutes）.
The least item is in SILS（1 item），and REALM（125 items） has the most evaluated items. The most widely used evaluation
tools are the REALM series scale and TOFHLA series scale in objective evaluation tools，and the HLS-EU-Q series scale in
subjective evaluation tools. The evaluation mainly content involves vocabulary recognition，information acquisition，computing
ability，reading comprehension，information exchange，information application and so on. Conclusion The development and
application of health literacy assessment tools are dominated by European and American countries，and the number of objective
health literacy assessment tools is in the majority. As the change of the connotation of health literacy from a single personal
assessment to a comprehensive assessment of individuals and external environment，the R&D of health literacy assessment tools
in China should be based on the establishment of unified standards across the country on the premise of deepening the connotation
of health literacy and the concept of active health，the indicators should mainly be quantitative or semi quantitative indicators. A
health literacy assessment tool suitable for China's national conditions covering the whole life cycle should be developed to provide
scientific and effective support for improving the health literacy level of residents.
【Key words】 Health literacy；Assessment tools；Active health；Systematic reviews

健康素养是指个人获取和理解基本健康信息和服 康素养需要以系统地开展健康素养测评为基础和前提，
务，并运用这些信息和服务做出正确决策，以维护和促 健康素养测评可以有效地了解居民的健康素养水平和能
进自身健康的能力 ［1］ 。在过去的十年里，健康素养已 力，为后续的政策制定提供依据。我国健康素养评价研
经成为热点研究领域。主动健康是指个人对自身健康负 究起步晚于国外，现有健康素养测评工具《中国公民健
责，自律形成健康生活方式，并创建有利于健康生活方 康素养 - 基本知识与技能（试行）》的评估内容尚存在
式的社会环境与社会氛围 ［2-4］ 。主动健康强调每个居民、 较大完善空间 ［5-8］ 。而国外对于健康素养的评价指标及
每个家庭都是健康的“第一责任人”，其倡导的理念是 工具研究开展得较早，相对成熟 ［9-12］ 。由于国内外的
主动发现、科学评估、积极调整、促进健康。主动健康 制度和经济存在较大差异，国内外健康素养相关评价指
的实施包含了主动健康理念的树立、健康知识的普及和 标和工具的使用情境、适用人群、测评内容等方面也存
主动健康行为的实施，其核心部分在于居民具有良好的 在明显差异。因此，本文通过系统地梳理文献，对国内
健康素养，良好的健康素养能力是拥有主动健康的前提 外健康素养评价工具进行分析，以期为我国健康素养测
条件。故提升健康素养是提高全民主动健康水平根本、 评工具的完善及主动健康的促进提供参考依据。
经济、有效的措施之一。《国务院关于实施健康中国行 1 资料与方法
动的意见》（国发〔2019〕13 号）明确提出，到 2022 年， 1.1 文献检索策略 于 2021 年 7 月，以“Health Litera
健康促进政策体系基本建立，全民健康素养水平稳步提 cy”“Tool”“Evaluation”“Assessment”“Questionnai
高，健康生活方式加快推广；到 2030 年，全民健康素 re”“Scale”“健康素养”“工具”“测评”“评价”“问
养水平大幅提升，健康生活方式基本普及，居民主要健 卷”“量表”等为关键词，系统检索 PubMed、Web of
康影响因素得到有效控制。这标志着主动健康将成为我 Science、中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、维普数据库，
国未来健康保障体系的重要组成部分，是我国面向新时 以获取健康素养测评工具相关文献，检索时限为 1990-
代人民群众的健康需求提出的新的理念和模式。提升健 01-01 至 2021-06-30。