Page 45 - 中国全科医学2022-15

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non-empty nesters in Henan，providing a scientific basis for the prevention and control of disability among these people. Methods
By use of multistage stratified sampling，5 570 older people aged ≥ 60 years were selected from Henan's 18 provincial cities
from January to September 2019 for a questionnaire survey. The comprehensive ability of them was assessed by using the Ability
Assessment for Older Adults Scale developed by the Ministry of Civil Affairs of the People's Republic of China. Binary Logistic
stepwise regression analysis was used to identify the factors associated with comprehensive disability. Results The participants
included 3 731 empty nesters and 1 839 non-empty nesters. The prevalence of intact comprehensive ability，and comprehensive
disability in empty nesters was 51.97%（1 939/3 731），and 48.03% 〔1 792（1 417 mild，217 moderate，and 104 severe）
/3 731〕，respectively. The prevalence of intact comprehensive ability，and comprehensive disability in non-empty nesters
was 44.64%（821/1 839），and 55.36% 〔1 018（820 mild，123 moderate，and 75 severe）/1 839〕，respectively. Empty
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nesters had lower prevalence of comprehensive disability than did non-empty nesters（χ =26.448，P<0.001）. Empty and non-
empty nesters had significant differences in sex ratio，age distribution，marital status，education level，monthly income，
financial support from children，prevalence of disability and accidents（P<0.05）. Stepwise binary Logistic regression analysis
showed that age，prevalence of disability and accidents as well as number of chronic diseases were associated with comprehensive
disability prevalence in both empty and non-empty nesters，and the specific corresponding data with values of OR and 95%CI
were as follows：age 〔70-79 years，OR=1.590，95%CI（1.373，1.842）；≥ 80 years，OR=2.429，95%CI（1.934，3.050）〕，
disability 〔OR=3.803，95%CI（2.924，4.947）〕，accidents 〔OR=2.747，95%CI（2.101，3.591）〕，and number of
chronic diseases 〔4-7，OR=6.549，95%CI（3.736，11.482）〕were associated with comprehensive disability prevalence in
empty nesters（P<0.05）. Age〔70-79 years，OR=1.357，95%CI（1.084，1.699）；≥80 years，OR=3.784，95%CI（2.820，5.076）〕，
disability〔OR=3.523，95%CI（2.413，5.145）〕，accidents〔OR=2.789，95%CI（1.962，3.965）〕 and number of
chronic diseases 〔4-7，OR=2.997，95%CI（1.460，6.151）〕 were associated with comprehensive disability prevalence in
non-empty nesters（P<0.05）. In addition，comprehensive disability prevalence in empty nesters was also affected by education
level 〔primary school：OR=0.748，95%CI（0.629，0.890）；middle school：OR=0.776，95%CI（0.634，0.949）〕，and
financial support from children〔OR=1.318，95%CI（1.146，1.516）〕（P<0.05）. And comprehensive disability prevalence
in non-empty nesters was also influenced by marital status 〔unmarried/divorced/widowed：OR=1.291，95%CI（1.047，
1.592）〕 and monthly income 〔1 001-2 000 yuan：OR=0.574，95%CI（0.443，0.743）〕（P<0.05）. Conclusion The
associated factors of comprehensive disability prevalence for Henan's empty and non-empty nesters were not completely the same.
Age，prevalence of disability，and accidents as well as number of chronic diseases were associated with comprehensive disability
in both of them. Other associated factors of comprehensive disability were education level and financial support from children for
empty nesters，and were marital status and monthly income for non-empty-nesters. So targeted interventions delivered to these
two groups should be different.
【Key words】 Empty nest；Aged；Disability；Health services for the aged；Root cause analysis

空巢老人是指无子女或虽有子女却不在身边，独自 本研究创新点：
居住或与配偶居住的老年人 ［1］ 。随着老龄化程度的加 本研究采用中华人民共和国民政部制定的《老年
深，2019 年我国 60 岁及以上人口数已达 2.54 亿，老年 人能力评估表》，从老年人的日常生活活动、精神状态、
人口比例的增加以及随之而来的健康问题给我国卫生事
感知觉与沟通、社会参与 4 个维度评定河南省≥ 60
业的发展带来了严峻挑战 ［2］ 。空巢老人作为老龄化中 岁老年人的综合能力状况，并分析空巢与非空巢老人
的特殊群体，其健康状况日益引起人们的关注。多项研 综合失能的影响因素，得出河南省非空巢老人综合失
究指出，空巢老人与非空巢老人在心理和社会支持等 能发生率高于空巢老人，文化程度、子女补贴是空巢
方面存在差异，二者的失能状况是否存在差异值得关 老人综合失能发生特有的影响因素，婚姻情况、月经
注 ［3-5］ 。预计到 2050 年，我国失能老年人及部分失能 济收入是非空巢老人综合失能发生的影响因素，为空
老年人人数将达到 6 800 万 ［6］ 。失能问题不仅影响老 巢与非空巢老人开展专业化照顾服务提供科学依据。
年人的身心健康，同时也给家庭和社会带来巨大的经济
压力和负担。如何提高老年人的健康状况，减少老龄化 感知觉与沟通、社会参与 4 个维度评定河南省老年人的
带来的负面影响，对实现健康老龄化有着重要的作用。 综合能力状况，并分析空巢与非空巢老人发生综合失能
本研究通过中华人民共和国民政部制定的《老年人能力 的影响因素，为空巢与非空巢老人开展专业化照顾服务
评估表》 ［7］ ，从老年人的日常生活活动、精神状态、 提供科学依据。