Page 42 - 2023-04-中国全科医学

2023年2月 第26卷 第4期 http: //www.chinagp.net E-mail: zgqkyx@chinagp.net.cn ·427·

7.Key Research Base of Philosophy and Social Sciences in Shaanxi Province，Health Culture Research Center of Shaanxi，Xi'an
712046，China
*
Corresponding author：WU Yibo；E-mail：bjmuwuyibo@outlook.com
【Abstract】 Background Health education and health promotion are at the top of the list of population health
promotion strategies. It is essential to provide community-dwelling residents with health education to improve their health literacy.
However，few studies focus on the needs of health education（including the contents，acquisition methods and forms） in
community-dwelling residents. Objective To investigate the perceived needs of health education and associated factors in
community-dwelling residents，providing a scientific basis for meeting their health education needs and improving their health
literacy level. Methods From January 19 to March 12，2020，2 846 residents aged >12 years were selected from 10 cities
of China using multistage sampling to attend a questionnaire survey. The questionnaire used contains two parts：the first part
is socio-demographic characteristics. And the second part is the perceived health education needs of community-dwelling
residents，with 5-point Likert scale items belonging to three dimensions（contents，forms，and acquisition methods）. The total
score for each dimension was obtained by summing the score of items in the dimension. Residents' needs of the contents，forms or
acquisition methods were graded as "low"，"moderate"，or "high" by the average total score of each dimension. Univariate and
multivariate ordinal Logistic regression were used to explore the associated factors of level of health education needs in community-
dwelling residents. Results Altogether，2 679 cases（94.13%） who handed in responsive questionnaires were finally included.
The average total score for dimensions of contents，acquisition methods and forms were（21.49±5.91），（15.11±5.48）
and （13.61±4.41），respectively. Among the content items of health education，the top three relatively strongly needed/
strongly needed were food safety〔2 081（77.68%）〕，disease prevention and control〔2 020（75.44%）〕，and rational
medication〔1 963（73.28%）〕. Among the acquisition methods of health education，the top two relatively strongly needed/
strongly needed were health education columns in the community built using digital media technologies〔1 519（56.70%）〕
and interactive health education〔1 518（56.66%）〕. In terms of the health education form，the proportions of residents who
needed various forms of health education were similar. Specifically，the proportion of residents who relatively strongly needed/
strongly needed video-based health education was the highest〔64.91%（1 739/2 679）〕，while that of residents who relatively
strongly needed/strongly needed written health educational materials was the lowest〔50.84%（1 362/2 679）〕. Multivariate
ordinal Logistic regression analysis showed that age and current occupation were associated with residents' needs of the content of
health education（P<0.05）. Moreover，gender，the highest educational attainment，current occupation，and current place
of residence were associated with residents' needs of methods for acquiring health education（P<0.05）. And age，the highest
educational attainment，current occupation，and current place of residence were associated with residents' needs of the form of
health education（P<0.05）. Conclusion Community-dwelling residents showed high demand for the contents，acquisition
methods，and forms of health education，which presented a diversified trend. They paid special attention to the content about food
safety and disease prevention and treatment，and preferred interactive and video-based health education in terms of form.
【Key words】 Health literacy；Health science popularization；Health education；Public health；Root cause analysis

健康教育与健康促进被列为改善人群健康状况的 与发达国家相比，来自我国 25 个省（市）的参与者的
首选策略 ［1］ 。2019 年，国务院发布的《健康中国行动 健康知识普及水平相对较低。社区可以作为健康科普的
（2019—2030）》明确提出普及健康知识，要把提升健 重要场所进行科学信息的分享，促进公众的身心健康，
康素养作为增进全民健康的前提 ［2］ 。2022 年 5 月，国 并帮助公众获得改变健康行为的资源 ［8］ 。健康科普通
家卫生健康委在《关于建立健全全媒体健康科普知识发 过科普的方式将健康领域的科学技术知识、科学方法、
布和传播机制的指导意见》中指出，要建立健全全媒体 科学思想、科学精神传播给公众，旨在帮助公民提高健
健康科普知识发布和传播机制，增加全社会健康科普知 康素养和学会自我管理健康 ［9］ 。既往健康科普知识的
识高质量供给，满足人民群众日益增长的健康需求 ［3］ 。 研究更多局限于各种全身性的慢性病和多发病 ［10］ ，并
然而，健康知识普及水平低仍是公共卫生保健领域存在 且形式和内容跟不上人民群众的需求。部分社区健康教
的最紧迫问题之一 ［4］ 。2008 年开展的第一次全国范围 育的形式和内容单一、枯燥，缺乏个性化及精准化 ［11-12］ 。
健康知识普及调查显示，我国人群的总体健康素养水平 本研究旨在调查社区居民的健康科普需求现状，探索影
为 6.48%，居民健康素养呈现较低水平 ［5］ 。到 2018 年， 响社区居民对健康科普内容、渠道和形式需求的因素，
我国居民健康素养水平上升至 17.06%，这与健康科学 以期为满足社区居民健康科普需求、提高社区居民健康
知识的普及密不可分 ［6］ 。2021 年，LI 等 ［7］ 的研究表明， 素养提供科学依据。