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评价 [64-66] ,应用 TND 评估 EV-71 疫苗效果的有效性也得到 [6]MCLAUGHLIN J M,JIANG Q,ISTURIZ R E,et al. Effectiveness
了验证 [67] ,TND 有望在国内更多种类的疫苗评价中发挥作用。 of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine against hospitalization
此外,在新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情全球大流行的背景下,无症 for community-acquired pneumonia in older US adults:a test-
状感染者的早期发现与管理难度大 [68] ,Delta [69] 、奥密克戎 [70] negative design[J]. Clin Infect Dis,2018,67(10):1498-
等新变异株接连出现,TND 作为一种简便、快速且有效的研 1506. DOI:10.1093/cid/ciy312.
究方法,有助于国内外学者紧急快速评估新冠疫苗及其他干 [7]ARAKI K,HARA M,SHIMANOE C,et al. Case-control study of
预措施的效果。 Rotavirus vaccine effectiveness compared to test-negative controls or
除疫苗保护效果的评价研究外,新衍生出的 rtTND、CR- hospital controls[J]. J Epidemiol,2019,29(8):282-287.
DOI:10.2188/jea.JE20180054.
TND 等设计类型也扩大了 TND 的应用范围,TND 被逐步用于
[8]ALI M,YOU Y A,SUR D,et al. Validity of the estimates of
危险因素探索及干预措施效果评价等,具有良好的研究应用
oral cholera vaccine effectiveness derived from the test-negative
前景。随着该方法的广泛应用,未来 TND 还可用于不同国家
design[J]. Vaccine,2016,34(4):479-485. DOI:10.1016/j.
及地区对某种疫苗保护效果或干预措施效果的常规评估与监
vaccine.2015.12.004.
测 [20] ,有助于更好地规划与制定公共卫生应对措施。
[9]MAHAMUD A,KAMADJEU R,WEBECK J,et al. Effectiveness
近年来,TND 已被广泛应用于疫苗上市后的效果评价,
of oral polio vaccination against paralytic poliomyelitis:a matched
也可用于危险因素探索及干预措施效果评价等,在国际全科
case-control study in Somalia[J]. J Infect Dis,2014,210(Suppl
临床医学相关研究中对该方法的运用越来越多。TND 作为
1):S187-193. DOI:10.1093/infdis/jiu261.
一种简便、快速且有效的研究方法,具有广阔的应用前景。
[10]JOHNSON JONES M L,GARGANO J W,POWELL M,et al.
TND 设计可与全科医生临床实践及数据有机结合,用于开展
Effectiveness of 1,2,and 3 doses of human papillomavirus vaccine
各类防治措施的有效性评价,例如 CR-TND 可用于评估社区
against high-grade cervical lesions positive for human papillomavirus
干预措施的有效性。 16 or 18[J]. Am J Epidemiol,2020,189(4):265-276.
作者贡献:刘珏提出研究思路,进行文章的构思和设计、 DOI:10.1093/aje/kwz253.
资料收集,负责文章的质量控制、修改及审校;巫婷进行文 [11]LI Y,ZHOU Y,CHENG Y,et al. Effectiveness of EV-
献 / 资料收集整理,撰写论文,进行论文的修订;刘珏对文章 A71 vaccination in prevention of paediatric hand,foot,and
整体负责,监督管理。 mouth disease associated with EV-A71 virus infection requiring
本文无利益冲突。 hospitalisation in Henan,China,2017-18:a test-negative case-
参考文献 control study[J]. The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health,2019,
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