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           central neck dissection were collected retrospectively from the First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University School of Medicine
           from March 2013 to May 2020,involving sex,age,and ultrasonographic features 〔diameter of nodule,number of nodules,
           location of single and multiple nodules,internal composition,internal echo,boundary,margin,micro calcification,
           anteroposterior and transverse diameter (A/T)ratio,posterior echo attenuation,capsular invasion〕. Postoperative
           pathological results confirmed that 159 cases (35.65%) with central lymph node metastasis and other 287(64.35%) without.
           Unconditional stepwise binary Logistic regression was used to explore the factors associated with central lymph node metastasis.
           Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to estimate the predictive value of each indicator for central
           lymph node metastasis. Results Patients with and without central lymph node metastasis had significant differences in sex ratio,
           distribution of age,thyroid nodule diameter,margin conditions,and A/T ratio,as well as prevalence of micro calcification and
           capsular invasion(P<0.05). Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that male 〔OR=1.727,95%CI(1.059,2.816)〕,
           <45 years old 〔OR=2.690,95%CI (1.728,4.187)〕,diameter of the thyroid nodule >10 mm 〔OR=2.385,95%CI (1.544,
           3.684)〕,and capsular invasion 〔OR=1.773,95%CI (1.153,2.724)〕 were independently associated with increased
           risk of central lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). And the Logistic regression algorithm was:Logit(P)=-1.627+0.546×sex
           +0.989×age+0.869×(thyroid nodule diameter)+0.572×(capsular invasion). In predicting central lymph node metastasis,
           the AUC of combination of four indicators in the algorithm was 0.695〔95%CI(0.650,0.738)〕,with 67.92% sensitivity,
           and 61.67% specificity,and 0.32 optimal cut-off value. The AUC of the combination of four indicators was larger than that of sex,
           age,thyroid nodule diameter,or capsular invasion alone (Z=4.137,3.682,3.070,3.679,P<0.05). Conclusion Being
           male,age <45 years old,thyroid nodule diameter>10 mm,and capsular invasion were independent risk factors for central lymph
           node metastasis in PTC,and the value of combined use of them had a higher predictive value for central lymph node metastasis.
               【Key words】 Thyroid cancer,papillary;Ultrasonography;Lymph nodes;Lymph node metastasis;Clinical
           laboratory techniques;Diagnosis,differential


               世界卫生组织国际癌症研究机构报道,2020 年中
                                                                本研究创新点:
           国癌症新发病例 457 万,其中甲状腺癌占新发癌症的                               (1)本研究将甲状腺乳头状癌(PTC)患者术
           4.8% [1] 。甲状腺乳头状癌(papillary thyroid carcinoma,       前超声检查指标与临床病理因素结合,筛选出与颈部
           PTC)占甲状腺癌的 80%~85%        [2-3] ,是一种惰性癌,生
                                                                中央区淋巴结转移(CLNM)发生相关的危险因素,
           长缓慢,但易发生颈部淋巴结转移,以中央区淋巴结为
                                                                建立联合指标的预测模型,提高预测模型的准确性。
           主。淋巴结转移是疾病复发和远处转移的危险因素,影                             (2)分析比较受试者工作特征曲线(ROC 曲线)下
           响了患者的生存率        [3-4] ,二次手术还会给患者带来一定
                                                                面积(AUC),更直观显示联合指标预测 PTC 发生颈
           的伤害及心理负担。虽然二维超声已被用于甲状腺及颈
                                                                部 CLNM 的价值较单独应用一种指标的预测价值高。
           部淋巴结的常规检查,但中央区淋巴结位置较深,超声
           检出率仅为 30%~50%      [5-6] ;预防性淋巴结清扫则可能               径 1~55 mm,平均结节直径(10.1±8.6)mm。依据术
           引发甲状旁腺功能损害或喉返神经损伤等并发症                    [2,7] 。    后病理结果,将 PTC 患者分为发生颈部 CLNM 159 例
           研究表明,PTC 原发灶的常规超声特征与颈部中央区淋                          (35.65%),未发生颈部 CLNM 287 例(64.35%)。
           巴结转移(central lymph node metastasis,CLNM)有关,         1.2 仪器与方法 采用 Hitachi VISION Ascendus 超声诊
           然而研究结果并不完全一致           [3,5] 。为此,本研究探究超             断仪(9L4 线阵高频探头,频率 4~10 MHz);Philip-
           声检查指标联合预测 PTC 患者发生 CLNM 的价值,以期                      IU 22 超声诊断仪(L12-5 高频线阵探头,频率 5~12
           为临床诊疗工作提供指导。                                        MHz)。患者取仰卧位,头略后仰,平静呼吸,使颈部
           1 资料与方法                                             充分暴露,行横切及纵切超声检查,对甲状腺及颈部区
           1.1 一般资料 回顾性收集 2013 年 3 月至 2020 年 5                 域进行常规检查,并对探查到的病灶进行重点检查。
           月于石河子大学医学院第一附属医院行甲状腺手术及颈                            1.3 超声报告再评估及声像图特征提取
           部中央区淋巴结清扫的 PTC 患者的临床资料。                             1.3.1 评估要求 由本院 2 位超声科副主任医师(具备
               纳入标准:(1)行甲状腺手术前行二维超声检查,                         10 年以上工作经验)在不清楚患者病理结果的情况下,
           且检查资料完整;(2)行病理检查,确诊为 PTC;(3)                        对超声报告进行重新判读,当 2 位医师意见不一致时,
           在超声检查前未接受任何形式的甲状腺结节治疗。                              通过与第 3 位医师协商一致后,记录最终结果。
               最终纳入患者 446 例,其中男 97 例、女 349 例;                  1.3.2 声像图特征提取项目 选取最大直径结节的超声
           年 龄 21~78 岁, 平 均 年 龄(49.0±9.4) 岁; 结 节 直             检查图像特征:结节直径、结节数目(单发、多发)、
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