Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of common clinical arrhythmias, among which asymptomatic AF is insidious, poorly understood, and prone to adverse outcomes, bringing a serious burden to patients. As disease screening is a measure that should be implemented prior to the prevention of disease-related complications, it is crucial to carry out asymptomatic AF screening and scientific management. Current hot issues in screening for AF include the selection of the most appropriate screening population, the selection of screening devices and modalities, the improvement of screening participation, standard indications of anticoagulation therapy for those diagnosd, and the evaluation of the best economic screening option. We included twenty-five articles related to screening for atrial fibrillation, and systematically reviewed the AF screening section in AF management guidelines published in recent five years and opinions of relevant experts, then gave a summary of the latest advances in AF screening, involving screening strategies, screening devices, screening participation, anticoagulation treatment participation and monitoring duration and monitoring modalities in post-stroke screening, and the association of screening strategies on cost-effectiveness of the screening analyzed using a perspective in health economics, as well as economic impact of patient participation in screening and anticoagulation treatment. All these are beneficial to the guidance for clinical practice. The more internationally recognised guidelines for the screening and management of atrial fibrillation are the European Heart Rhythm Society guidelines and the North American Heart Rhythm Society guidelines. Most studies on the cost-effectiveness of AF screening have used Markov models for lifetime simulation. Health economics analyses include stroke events, bleeding events, quality-adjusted life year (QALY) , and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) . Most guidelines recommend routine screening with newer devices, such as portable single-lead ECGs in high-risk groups aged 65-75 years, to facilitate continuous monitoring and improve AF detection rates; for post-stroke screening, national and international guidelines emphasize screening for AF in patients with cryptogenic transient ischemic attacks (TIA) /stroke, with the main focus on Long-range ECG and implantation of an insertable cardiac monitor (ICM) . In summary, although some progress has been made in understanding the cost-effectiveness of AF screening, many differences still need to be fitted, and the health economics of AF screening are poorly understood in China. This will provide an evidence-based basis for improving life expectancy and quality of life and reducing the economic burden of healthcare.
