Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is currently considered to be a chronic autoimmune disease caused by destruction of pancreatic β-cells. It is mainly caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors that lead to destruction of pancreatic β-cells, which results in an absolute lack of insulin secretion in the body and a lifelong dependence on extracorporeal insulin therapy. As the incidence of T1DM continues to increase globally, more attention has been paid to the prevention and treatment of T1DM. Numerous studies have demonstrated that vitamin D, in addition to its value in bone metabolism and calcium-phosphorus homeostasis, also plays an important role in the development and progression of chronic inflammatory and immune-related diseases. Therefore, on the basis of introducing the epidemiology of T1DM and the role of vitamin D, this article further elaborates the correlation between vitamin D and T1DM and its complications, with a view to providing a theoretical basis for clinicians to comprehensively diagnose and treat T1DM.

1型糖尿病（T1DM）目前被认为是由胰腺β细胞破坏所引起的慢性自身免疫性疾病，主要是由遗传因素及环境因素共同发挥作用导致胰岛β细胞被破坏，使体内胰岛素分泌绝对不足，需终身依赖体外胰岛素治疗。随着T1DM发病率在全球范围内不断增加，使得人们更加重视T1DM的预防及治疗。诸多研究已证实维生素D除对体内骨代谢及钙磷平衡具有重大价值外，在慢性炎症及免疫相关疾病的发生及进展中亦有重要作用。因此本文在介绍T1DM流行病学及维生素D作用的基础上，进一步阐述维生素D与T1DM及其并发症间的相关性，以期为临床医生综合诊治T1DM提供理论依据。