Ischemic stroke is the most common cerebrovascular accident and is increasingly becoming a serious global health problem. Mitochondrial quality control disorder is an important mechanism of neuronal death induced by cerebral ischemia, and the maintenance of mitochondrial function is essential for promoting neuronal survival and improving neurological function. Mitochondrial quality control mainly involves mitochondrial oxidative stress, mitochondrial dynamics, mitochondrial autophagy, mitochondrial biogenesis, etc., which is an important condition for stabilizing the normal structure of mitochondria and exerting the normal function of mitochondria. In recent years, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has significantly improved the clinical symptoms of patients with ischemic stroke by affecting the structure and function of mitochondria through multi-perspective, multi-pathway, multi-target regulation of mitochondrial quality control, which has received extensive attention from scholars. This article summarizes the experimental studies and clinical observations on the application of effective compound components of TCM and TCM compound to regulate mitochondrial quality control in the treatment of ischemic stroke in recent years, further explains the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke, clarifies the regulatory mechanism of TCM on mitochondrial quality control, and summarizes the scientific connotation and shortcomings of TCM in the treatment of ischemic stroke, in order to provide ideas and methods for further clinical application of TCM in the treatment of ischemic stroke.

缺血性卒中是一种常见的脑血管意外，日益成为严重的全球性健康问题。线粒体质量控制失调是脑缺血诱导神经元死亡的重要机制，维持线粒体功能对于促进神经元存活和改善神经功能至关重要。线粒体质量控制主要涉及线粒体氧化应激、线粒体动力学、线粒体自噬、线粒体生物发生等方面，是稳定线粒体正常结构、发挥线粒体正常功能的重要条件。近年来，中医药通过多角度、多通路、多靶点调控线粒体质量控制，通过影响线粒体结构与功能，能显著改善缺血性卒中患者临床症状，受到了学者们的广泛关注。本文通过对近年来应用中药有效化合物成分及中药复方调控线粒体质量控制治疗缺血性卒中的实验研究和临床观察进行归纳总结，进一步阐释缺血性卒中的发病机制，明确中医药对线粒体质量控制的调控机制，总结中医药治疗缺血性卒中的科学内涵与不足之处，以期为临床进一步应用中医药参与治疗缺血性卒中提供一定的思路与方法。