Diabetic nephropathy is one of the most common complications of diabetic microangiopathy, which significantly reduces the quality of life of diabetic patients and is the main cause of end-stage renal failure. As one of the main drugs in the treatment of diabetes mellitus, metformin plays a vital role in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy. In recent years, studies have found that metformin can not only lower blood sugar through a variety of mechanisms, but also prevent diabetic kidney disease from developing into end-stage renal failure. Several studies have found that metformin has clinical efficacy in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy, and drug safety in patients should be evaluated by glomerular filtration rate. This review summarizes the results of the clinical effects and mechanism of metformin in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy, aiming to better understand the therapeutic effect of metformin on diabetic nephropathy, and provide reference for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy.

糖尿病肾病是糖尿病微血管病变常见的并发症之一，可降低糖尿病患者的生活质量，是造成终末期肾衰竭的主要病因。二甲双胍是治疗糖尿病的主要药物之一，在糖尿病肾病治疗中起至关重要的作用。近年来，研究发现二甲双胍不仅可以通过多种机制降低血糖，还可以阻止糖尿病肾病发展为终末期肾衰竭。多项研究发现二甲双胍对于治疗糖尿病肾病具有临床疗效，应根据肾小球滤过率评估患者药物安全性。本文综述了二甲双胍治疗糖尿病肾病的药理作用和作用机制的研究结果，旨在深入了解二甲双胍对糖尿病肾病的治疗作用，为糖尿病肾病的治疗方案提供参考。