Research on the Relationship between Well-being and Personality Traits in the Elderly Based on Canonical Correlation Analysis

doi:10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2023.0221

Abstract

Abstract:

Background

With the population ages, the mental health of the elderly has become a hot topic of concern for the whole society. Previous studies have shown that mental health problems in the elderly are closely related to well-being, while personality traits have a greater impact on subjective well-being. However, the internal relationship between the two in the elderly population is still unclear.

Objective

To explore the relationship between subjective well-being and personality traits of the elderly.

Methods

From July to August 2022, 511 elderly people in Lincun, Tangxia Town, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province were selected as the subjects by using cluster sampling method, conduct a site survey by using the questionnaire survey. The subjective well-being and personality traits of the elderly were evaluated by the Memorial University of Newfoundland Scale of Happiness (MUNSH) and the China Big Five Personality Scale (CBF-PI-15) respectively. Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between subjective well-being and personality traits of the elderly, canonical correlation analysis was used to construct a standardized canonical correlation model, canonical structure analysis, and canonical redundancy analysis.

Results

The total score of MUNSH in the elderly was (39.72±7.74) , and the scores of MUNSH in each dimension were positive experience (9.48±3.24) , positive emotion (8.61±2.24) , negative experience (1.44±2.31) , and negative emotion (0.93±1.80) from high to low. The scores of CBF-PI-15 in each dimension of the elderly were agreeableness (14.04±2.60) , extroversion (11.77±4.05) , conscientiousness (10.75±3.57) , openness (7.20±3.90) and neuroticism (6.34±3.22) . Pearson correlation analysis showed that subjective well-being was positively correlated with conscientiousness (r=0.334) and openness (r=0.219) (P<0.05) and negatively correlated with neuroticism (r=-0.223, P<0.05) . Canonical correlation analysis showed that the correlation coefficients of the first and second pairs of canonical correlation variables were 0.476 and 0.331 (P<0.001) . The results of the standardized canonical correlation model construction showed that the correlation between the first canonical correlation coefficient of subjective well-being (U₁) of the elderly and the first canonical correlation coefficient of personality traits (V₁) mainly manifested negative correlation between positive experience and neuroticism, and positive correlation between positive experience and conscientiousness. The correlation between the standardized canonical correlation coefficient of the second canonical variable of subjective well-being (U₂) and the standardized canonical correlation coefficient of the second canonical variable of personality traits (V₂) of the elderly mainly manifested positive correlation of positive emotion and negative emotion with neuroticism. The results of canonical structure analysis showed that U₁ was strongly correlated with positive emotion, negative emotion, positive experience, and negative experience, while U₂ was strongly correlated with negative emotion and negative experience. V₁ was strongly correlated with positive experience, conscientiousness, and openness. V₂ was strongly correlated with neuroticism and openness. Canonical redundancy analysis showed that U₁ explained 5.4% variation in personality traits and V₁ explained 12.2% variation in subjective well-being, indicating that personality traits had a greater influence on subjective well-being than subjective well-being.

Conclusion

On the whole, the elderly from Lincun Tangxia Town, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province hold a positive and optimistic attitude, with a high level of subjective well-being, which is closely related to neuroticism and conscientious personality. In the future, corresponding intervention strategies should be adopted according to different personality characteristics to improve subjective well-being, maintain the mental health of the elderly.

Key words: Aged, Subjective well-being, Personality trait, Canonical correlation analysis

摘要：

背景

随着老龄化进程加剧，老年心理健康问题已成为全社会关注的热点议题。已有研究表明老年心理健康问题与幸福感具有紧密联系，而人格特质会对主观幸福感产生较大影响，但二者在老年人群中的内在联系尚不明晰。

目的

探讨老年人的主观幸福感与人格特质的关系。

方法

2022年7—8月采用整群抽样法选取广东省东莞市塘厦镇林村的511名老年人，并采取问卷调查法对老年人进行现场调查，采用纽芬兰纪念大学幸福感量表（MUNSH）和中国大五人格量表简明15项版（CBF-PI-15）分别评价老年人主观幸福感和人格特质。采用Pearson相关性分析对老年人主观幸福感与人格特质的相关性进行分析，并采用典型相关分析，进行标准化典型相关模型的构建、典型结构分析、典型冗余分析。

结果

老年人MUNSH总分为（39.72±7.74）分，MUNSH各维度的得分从高到低依次为正性体验（9.48±3.24）分、正性情感（8.61±2.24）分、负性体验（1.44±2.31）分、负性情感（0.93±1.80）分。老年人CBF-PI-15的各维度得分为宜人性（14.04±2.60）分、外向性（11.77±4.05）分、尽责性（10.75±3.57）分、开放性（7.20±3.90）分、神经质（6.34±3.22）分。Pearson相关分析结果显示，主观幸福感与尽责性（r=0.334）、开放性（r=0.219）均呈正相关（P<0.05），与神经质（r=-0.223，P<0.05）呈负相关。典型相关分析结果显示，第一、第二对典型相关变量的相关系数是0.476、0.331（P<0.001）。标准化典型相关模型构建结果显示，老年人主观幸福感的第一典型变量标准化典型相关系数（U₁）水平与人格特质第一典型变量标准化典型相关系数（V₁）水平的相关性主要表现为正性体验与神经质之间的负相关，与尽责性之间的正相关；老年人主观幸福感第二典型变量标准化典型相关系数（U₂）水平与人格特质第二典型变量标准化典型相关系数（V₂）水平的相关性主要表现为正性情感、负性情感与神经质之间的正相关。典型结构分析结果显示，U₁与正性情感、负性情感、正性体验、负性体验呈较强相关，U₂与负性情感、负性体验呈较强相关。V₁与正性体验、尽责性、开放性呈较强相关；V₂与神经质、开放性呈较强相关。典型冗余分析结果显示，U₁解释人格特质5.4%的变异，V₁解释主观幸福感12.2%的变异，表明人格特质对主观幸福感的影响作用大于主观幸福感对人格特质的影响作用。

结论

整体上广东省东莞市塘厦镇林村老年人持有积极乐观的态度，主观幸福感水平较高，主观幸福感与神经质、尽责性人格关系密切，在未来可针对不同的人格特征采取相应的干预策略，提高主观幸福感，维护老年人的心理健康。

关键词: 老年人, 主观幸福感, 人格特质, 典型相关分析

ZHOU Yujie,LIU Huanting,WAN Chonghua, et al. Research on the Relationship between Well-being and Personality Traits in the Elderly Based on Canonical Correlation Analysis[J]. Chinese General Practice, 2024, 27(08): 955-960. DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2023.0221.
周玉杰,刘欢婷,万崇华等. 基于典型相关分析的老年人主观幸福感与人格特质关系研究[J]. 中国全科医学, 2024, 27(08): 955-960. DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2023.0221.

Figures/Tables 5

References 26

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项目	PA	NA	PE	NE	主观幸福感总分
N	-0.075	0.302^a	-0.141^a	0.242^a	-0.223^a
C	0.296^a	-0.121^a	0.412^a	-0.194^a	0.334^a
A	<0.001	-0.086	0.071	-0.093^a	0.077
O	0.270^a	-0.035	0.269^a	-0.067	0.219^a
E	0.101^a	-0.005	0.080	-0.067	0.084

项目	PA	NA	PE	NE	主观幸福感总分
N	-0.075	0.302^a	-0.141^a	0.242^a	-0.223^a
C	0.296^a	-0.121^a	0.412^a	-0.194^a	0.334^a
A	<0.001	-0.086	0.071	-0.093^a	0.077
O	0.270^a	-0.035	0.269^a	-0.067	0.219^a
E	0.101^a	-0.005	0.080	-0.067	0.084

典型相关变量对	典型相关系数（r值）	特征值	贡献率（%）	累积贡献率（%）	F值	分子自由度	P值
第一对	0.476	0.292	0.673	0.673	10.153	20.000	<0.001
第二对	0.331	0.123	0.283	0.956	5.622	12.000	<0.001
第三对	0.111	0.013	0.030	0.986	1.486	6.000	0.180
第四对	0.075	0.006	0.014	1.000

典型相关变量对	典型相关系数（r值）	特征值	贡献率（%）	累积贡献率（%）	F值	分子自由度	P值
第一对	0.476	0.292	0.673	0.673	10.153	20.000	<0.001
第二对	0.331	0.123	0.283	0.956	5.622	12.000	<0.001
第三对	0.111	0.013	0.030	0.986	1.486	6.000	0.180
第四对	0.075	0.006	0.014	1.000

典型相关变量对	标准化典型相关模型
第一对	U₁=-0.067X₁+0.229X₂-0.861X₃-0.023X₄
	V₁=0.518Y₁-0.763Y₂-0.074Y₃-0.257Y₄-0.026Y₅
第二对	U₂=-0.759X₁-0.806X₂-0.156X₃-0.385X₄
	V₂=-0.765Y₁-0.152Y₂+0.338Y₃-0.361Y₄-0.249Y₅