Chinese General Practice ›› 2023, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (03): 280-286.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2022.0641
Special Issue: 述评栏目最新文章合集
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Received:
2022-07-11
Revised:
2022-10-11
Published:
2023-01-20
Online:
2022-10-17
Contact:
LIU Changhong
About author:
通讯作者:
刘长宏
作者简介:
基金资助:
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URL: https://www.chinagp.net/EN/10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2022.0641
体液类型 | 主要活检成分 | 优势 | 挑战 |
---|---|---|---|
血液 | CTC,ctDNA,外泌体 | 成熟的分析方法,可实时监测肿瘤进展,适用于最多的患者,应用更为普遍、广泛 | 高假阴性率,生物标志物质量和数量低,生物标志物半衰期较短,不能连续采集 |
尿液 | CTC,ctDNA,尿液mRNA,外泌体 | 样本量大,无创、可以连续采集,适合纵向随访,对肿瘤转移有较高的反应 | 收集过程易受污染,肾脏滤过后数量下降 |
唾液 | 唾液mRNA,miRNA | 无创操作,交叉污染风险低,可实时监测肺癌进展 | 样本量较少,生物标志物质量和数量低,复杂的成分,包括酶、抗体、激素等 |
痰液 | 痰液mRNA,miRNA,lncRNA,外泌体 | 无创操作,早期中央型肺癌灵敏度、特异度较高,肿瘤内异质性 | 样本量较少,缺乏成熟采样手段 |
胸腔积液(包括上清液) | CTC,ctDNA,积液mRNA | 生物标志物质量和数量高,与临床特征高度相关 | 有创操作,不能实时监测肺癌进展,早期患者不适用 |
Table 1 Comparison of five types of body fluid biopsies
体液类型 | 主要活检成分 | 优势 | 挑战 |
---|---|---|---|
血液 | CTC,ctDNA,外泌体 | 成熟的分析方法,可实时监测肿瘤进展,适用于最多的患者,应用更为普遍、广泛 | 高假阴性率,生物标志物质量和数量低,生物标志物半衰期较短,不能连续采集 |
尿液 | CTC,ctDNA,尿液mRNA,外泌体 | 样本量大,无创、可以连续采集,适合纵向随访,对肿瘤转移有较高的反应 | 收集过程易受污染,肾脏滤过后数量下降 |
唾液 | 唾液mRNA,miRNA | 无创操作,交叉污染风险低,可实时监测肺癌进展 | 样本量较少,生物标志物质量和数量低,复杂的成分,包括酶、抗体、激素等 |
痰液 | 痰液mRNA,miRNA,lncRNA,外泌体 | 无创操作,早期中央型肺癌灵敏度、特异度较高,肿瘤内异质性 | 样本量较少,缺乏成熟采样手段 |
胸腔积液(包括上清液) | CTC,ctDNA,积液mRNA | 生物标志物质量和数量高,与临床特征高度相关 | 有创操作,不能实时监测肺癌进展,早期患者不适用 |
活检对象 | 组成 | 优势 | 挑战 |
---|---|---|---|
CTC | 上皮起源的有核细胞 | 肿瘤细胞的高特异性,直接定量分析分离,肿瘤细胞的形态学、分子和进一步生物学分析 | 分离肿瘤细胞的灵敏度和特异度相对较低(技术挑战) |
ctDNA | 单链或双链DNA | 检测DNA改变(体细胞突变、插入和删除、拷贝数改变、基因融合)的高灵敏度 | 很难区分ctDNA和来自正常细胞的循环DNA,没有功能分析 |
外泌体 | 蛋白质,非编码RNA,mRNA,以及单链或双链DNA | RNA分析(miRNA、mRNA、长编码RNA、RNA特异性变体、RNA表达),作为载体用于药物递送 | 难以区分肿瘤来源的外显体和正常细胞来源的外显体,提取困难 |
Table 2 Comparison of three common liquid biopsy biomarkers in peripheral blood
活检对象 | 组成 | 优势 | 挑战 |
---|---|---|---|
CTC | 上皮起源的有核细胞 | 肿瘤细胞的高特异性,直接定量分析分离,肿瘤细胞的形态学、分子和进一步生物学分析 | 分离肿瘤细胞的灵敏度和特异度相对较低(技术挑战) |
ctDNA | 单链或双链DNA | 检测DNA改变(体细胞突变、插入和删除、拷贝数改变、基因融合)的高灵敏度 | 很难区分ctDNA和来自正常细胞的循环DNA,没有功能分析 |
外泌体 | 蛋白质,非编码RNA,mRNA,以及单链或双链DNA | RNA分析(miRNA、mRNA、长编码RNA、RNA特异性变体、RNA表达),作为载体用于药物递送 | 难以区分肿瘤来源的外显体和正常细胞来源的外显体,提取困难 |
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