Expert Recommendations for Clinical Application of Trazodone Hydrochloride Sustained Release

doi:10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2022.0532

Chinese General Practice ›› 2022, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (33): 4099-4105.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2022.0532

Special Issue: 指南/共识最新文章合辑

• Guide·Consensus • Next Articles

Expert Recommendations for Clinical Application of Trazodone Hydrochloride Sustained Release

1.The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510000, China
2.Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai 200000, China
3.The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, China
4.Tongji Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200000, China
5.The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710000, China
6.West China Hospital Of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
7.Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
8.Xiamen Mental Health Center, Xiamen 361000, China
9.The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
10.Zhongda Hospital Affilicated of Southeast University, Nanjing 210000, China
11.Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China
12.Xuanwu Hospital Affiliated to Capital University of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100000, China
13.The Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200000, China
14.Mental Health Center in Anhui Province, Hefei 230000, China
15.Naning Fifth People's Hospital, Nanning 530000, China
16.The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410000, China

Received:2022-07-11 Revised:2022-08-12 Published:2022-11-20 Online:2022-08-25
Contact: PAN Jiyang, LI Lingjiang
About author:
PAN J Y, FANG Y R, HU S H, et al. Expert recommendations for clinical application of trazodone hydrochloride sustained release[J]. Chinese General Practice, 2022, 25 (33) : 4099-4105. Writer: PAN Jiyang, Chief physician, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University; E-mail: jiypan@vip.163.com

盐酸曲唑酮缓释剂临床应用专家建议

1.510000　广东省广州市，暨南大学附属第一医院
2.200000　上海市精神卫生中心
3.310000　浙江省杭州市，浙江大学医学院附属第一医院
4.200000　上海市，同济大学附属同济医院
5.710000　陕西省西安市，空军军医大学第二附属医院
6.610000　四川省成都市，四川大学华西医院
7.430000　湖北省武汉市，华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院
8.361000　福建省厦门市精神卫生中心
9.210000　江苏省南京市，南京医科大学附属脑科医院
10.210000　江苏省南京市，东南大学附属中大医院
11.200000　上海市，复旦大学附属华山医院
12.100000　北京市，首都医科大学附属宣武医院
13.200000　上海市，海军军医大学第二附属医院
14.230000　安徽省合肥市，安徽省精神卫生中心
15.530000　广西壮族自治区南宁市第五人民医院
16.410000　湖南省长沙市，中南大学湘雅二医院

通讯作者: 潘集阳, 李凌江
作者简介:
潘集阳，方贻儒，胡少华，等.盐酸曲唑酮缓释剂临床应用专家建议[J].中国全科医学，2022，25（33）：4099-4105. [www.chinagp.net] 执笔人：潘集阳，主任医师，暨南大学附属第一医院；E-mail：jiypan@vip.163.com

Abstract

Abstract:

Trazodone hydrochloride sustained -release, as a multi-receptor binding drug, can exert different pharmacological effects at different doses and can improve a variety of psychiatric disorders. To further standardize the clinical application of trazodone hydrochloride sustained release, the expert writing group integrated domestic and international clinical trials, clinical practice guidelines, prescribing guidelines and clinical medication experience to prepare this expert recommendation for clinical application. This article mentions that trazodone hydrochloride sustained release is clinically applicable to depression, insomnia caused by various reasons, and also applied to generalized anxiety disorder, sexual dysfunction, post-traumatic stress disorder, substance dependence and withdrawal reactions and obsessive-compulsive disorder, and describes drug dosage, interactions, and precautions for use in special populations, with a view to providing clinicians with scientific and comprehensive medication guidance.

Key words: Mental disorders, Depression, Anxiety, Insomnia, Trazodone, Guidebook, Therapeutic uses, Trazodone hydrochloride sustained release agent

摘要：

盐酸曲唑酮缓释剂作为一种多受体结合药物，不同剂量可发挥不同的药理作用、改善多种精神障碍。为进一步规范盐酸曲唑酮缓释剂的临床应用，本专家撰写组整合了国内外临床试验、临床实践指南、处方指南及临床用药经验，撰写了此临床应用专家建议。本文提到盐酸曲唑酮缓释剂在临床上适用于抑郁症、各种原因引起的失眠，还应用于广泛性焦虑障碍、性功能障碍、创伤后应激障碍、物质依赖和戒断反应及强迫障碍，并说明了药物用法用量、相互作用，以及特殊人群使用的注意事项，以期为临床医生提供科学、全面的用药指导。

关键词: 精神障碍, 抑郁, 焦虑, 失眠症, 曲唑酮, 指南, 治疗应用, 盐酸曲唑酮缓释剂

PAN Jiyang,FANG Yiru,HU Shaohua, et al. Expert Recommendations for Clinical Application of Trazodone Hydrochloride Sustained Release[J]. Chinese General Practice, 2022, 25(33): 4099-4105. DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2022.0532.
潘集阳,方贻儒,胡少华等. 盐酸曲唑酮缓释剂临床应用专家建议[J]. 中国全科医学, 2022, 25(33): 4099-4105. DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2022.0532.

Figures/Tables 1

References 58

[1]	STAHL S M. Mechanism of action of trazodone：a multifunctional drug[J]. CNS Spectr，2009，14(10):536-546. DOI：10.1017/s1092852900024020.
[2]	BROGDEN R N, HEEL R C, SPEIGHT T M，et al. Trazodone：a review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic use in depression and anxiety[J]. Drugs，1981，21(6):401-429.
[3]	STAHL S M. Depression and bipolar disorder：Stahl's essential psychopharmacology[M]. England：Cambridge University Press，2010.
[4]	KARHU D, GROENEWOUD G, POTGIETER M A，et al. Dose proportionality of once-daily trazodone extended-release caplets under fasting conditions[J]. J Clin Pharmacol，2010，50(12):1438-1449. DOI：10.1177/0091270009360979.
[5]	BON O L. Low-dose trazodone effective in insomnia[J]. Pharmacopsychiatry，2005，38(5):226. DOI：10.1055/s-2005-873160.
[6]	MONTI J M, JANTOS H. The roles of dopamine and serotonin，and of their receptors，in regulating sleep and waking[J]. Prog Brain Res，2008，172:625-646. DOI：10.1016/S0079-6123(08)00929-1.
[7]	WERNEKE U, NORTHEY S, BHUGRA D. Antidepressants and sexual dysfunction[J]. Acta Psychiatr Scand，2006，114(6):384-397. DOI：10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00890.x.
[8]	RAMPIN O. Pharmacology of alpha-adrenoceptors in male sexual function[J]. Eur Urol，1999，36(Suppl 1):103-106. DOI：10.1159/000052329.
[9]	KARASU T B, GELENBERG A, WANG P，et al. Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with major depressive disorder （revision） [J]. Am J Psychiatry，2000，157(4 Suppl):1-45.
[10]	CUOMO A, FIORENTINI A, VAMPINI C，et al. Personalized medicine with extended-release trazodone and/or once-a-day trazodone：from research trials to clinical practice[J]. Riv Psichiatr，2020，55(5):255-261. DOI：10.1708/3457.34457.
[11]	ZHANG L, XIE W W, LI L H，et al. Efficacy and safety of prolonged-release trazodone in major depressive disorder：a multicenter，randomized，double-blind，flexible-dose trial[J]. Pharmacology，2014，94(5/6):199-206. DOI：10.1159/000368559.
[12]	SHEEHAN D V, CROFT H A, GOSSEN E R，et al. Extended-release trazodone in major depressive disorder：a randomized，double-blind，placebo-controlled study[J]. Psychiatry （Edgmont），2009，6(5):20-33.
[13]	KASPER S, OLIVIERI L, DI LORETO G，et al. A comparative，randomised，double-blind study of trazodone prolonged-release and paroxetine in the treatment of patients with major depressive disorder[J]. Curr Med Res Opin，2005，21(8):1139-1146. DOI：10.1185/030079905X53243.
[14]	MUNIZZA C, OLIVIERI L, DI LORETO G，et al. A comparative，randomized，double-blind study of trazodone prolonged-release and sertraline in the treatment of major depressive disorder[J]. Curr Med Res Opin，2006，22(9):1703-1713. DOI：10.1185/030079906X121039.
[15]	FAGIOLINI A, COMANDINI A, CATENA DELL'OSSO M，et al. Rediscovering trazodone for the treatment of major depressive disorder[J]. CNS Drugs，2012，26(12):1033-1049. DOI：10.1007/s40263-012-0010-5.
[16]	GENERALI J A, CADA D J. Trazodone：insomnia （adults）[J]. Hosp Pharm，2015，50(5):367-369. DOI：10.1310/hpj5005-367.
[17]	WALSH J K, ERMAN M, ERWIN C W，et al. Subjective hypnotic efficacy of trazodone and zolpidem in DSMIII-R primary insomnia[J]. Hum Psychopharmacol Clin Exp，1998，13(3):191-198.
[18]	MURPHY M J, PETERSON M J. Sleep disturbances in depression[J]. Sleep Med Clin，2015，10(1):17-23. DOI：10.1016/j.jsmc.2014.11.009.
[19]	SALETU-ZYHLARZ G M, ABU-BAKR M H, ANDERER P，et al. Insomnia in depression：differences in objective and subjective sleep and awakening quality to normal controls and acute effects of trazodone[J]. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry，2002，26(2):249-260. DOI：10.1016/s0278-5846(01)00262-7.
[20]	MASHIKO H, NIWA S, KUMASHIRO H，et al. Effect of trazodone in a single dose before bedtime for sleep disorders accompanied by a depressive state：dose-finding study with no concomitant use of hypnotic agent[J]. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci，1999，53(2):193-194. DOI：10.1046/j.1440-1819.1999.00532.x.
[21]	SHEEHAN D V, ROZOVA A, GOSSEN E R，et al. The efficacy and tolerability of once-daily controlled-release trazodone for depressed mood，anxiety，insomnia，and suicidality in major depressive disorder[J]. Psychopharmacol Bull，2009，42(4):5-22.
[22]	BAYER A J, PATHY M S, CAMERON A，et al. A comparative study of conventional and controlled-release formulations of trazodone in elderly depressed patients[J]. Clin Neuropharmacol，1989，12(Suppl 1):S50-55;DiscussionS56-7. DOI：10.1097/00002826-198901001-00009.
[23]	WICHNIAK A, WIERZBICKA A, WALECKA M，et al. Effects of antidepressants on sleep[J]. Curr Psychiatry Rep，2017，19(9):63. DOI：10.1007/s11920-017-0816-4.
[24]	KAYNAK H, KAYNAK D, GÖZÜKIRMIZI E，et al. The effects of trazodone on sleep in patients treated with stimulant antidepressants[J]. Sleep Med，2004，5(1):15-20. DOI：10.1016/j.sleep.2003.06.006.
[25]	NIERENBERG A A, KECK P E Jr. Management of monoamine oxidase inhibitor-associated insomnia with trazodone[J]. J Clin Psychopharmacol，1989，9(1):42-45.
[26]	GALE C K. The treatment of generalised anxiety disorder. A systematic review[J]. Panminerva Med，2002，44(4):283-286.
[27]	RICKELS K, DOWNING R, SCHWEIZER E，et al. Antidepressants for the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. A placebo-controlled comparison of imipramine，trazodone，and diazepam[J]. Arch Gen Psychiatry，1993，50(11):884-895. DOI：10.1001/archpsyc.1993.01820230054005.
[28]	翟金国，叶萌，陈敏，等. 曲唑酮与丁螺环酮治疗广泛性焦虑障碍的对照研究[J]. 中国新药与临床杂志，2008，27(11):832-835. DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1007-7669.2008.11.008.
[29]	MAVISSAKALIAN M, PEREL J, BOWLER K，et al. Trazodone in the treatment of panic disorder and agoraphobia with panic attacks[J]. Am J Psychiatry，1987，144(6):785-787. DOI：10.1176/ajp.144.6.785.
[30]	SALETU-ZYHLARZ G M, ANDERER P, ARNOLD O，et al. Confirmation of the neurophysiologically predicted therapeutic effects of trazodone on its target symptoms depression，anxiety and insomnia by postmarketing clinical studies with a controlled-release formulation in depressed outpatients[J]. Neuropsychobiology，2003，48(4):194-208. DOI：10.1159/000074638.
[31]	MITTUR A. Trazodone：properties and utility in multiple disorders[J]. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol，2011，4(2):181-196. DOI：10.1586/ecp.10.138.
[32]	KHAZAIE H, REZAIE L, REZAEI PAYAM N，et al. Antidepressant-induced sexual dysfunction during treatment with fluoxetine，sertraline and trazodone；a randomized controlled trial[J]. Gen Hosp Psychiatry，2015，37(1):40-45. DOI：10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2014.10.010.
[33]	STRYJER R, SPIVAK B, STROUS R D，et al. Trazodone for the treatment of sexual dysfunction induced by serotonin reuptake inhibitors：a preliminary open-label study[J]. Clin Neuropharmacol，2009，32(2):82-84. DOI：10.1097/WNF.0B013E31816D1CDC.
[34]	PYKE R E, CLAYTON A H. Dose-finding study of lorexys for hypoactive sexual desire disorder in premenopausal women[J]. J Sex Med，2019，16(12):1885-1894. DOI：10.1016/j.jsxm.2019.09.005.
[35]	MAHER M J, REGO S A, ASNIS G M. Sleep disturbances in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder：epidemiology，impact and approaches to management[J]. CNS Drugs，2006，20(7):567-590. DOI：10.2165/00023210-200620070-00003.
[36]	WARNER M D, DORN M R, PEABODY C A. Survey on the usefulness of trazodone in patients with PTSD with insomnia or nightmares[J]. Pharmacopsychiatry，2001，34(4):128-131. DOI：10.1055/s-2001-15871.
[37]	LE BON O, MURPHY J R, STANER L，et al. Double-blind，placebo-controlled study of the efficacy of trazodone in alcohol post-withdrawal syndrome：polysomnographic and clinical evaluations[J]. J Clin Psychopharmacol，2003，23(4):377-383. DOI：10.1097/01.jcp.0000085411.08426.d3.
[38]	FRIEDMANN P D, ROSE J S, SWIFT R，et al. Trazodone for sleep disturbance after alcohol detoxification：a double-blind，placebo-controlled trial[J]. Alcohol Clin Exp Res，2008，32(9):1652-1660. DOI：10.1111/j.1530-0277.2008.00742.x.
[39]	PRASAD A. Efficacy of trazodone as an anti-obsessional agent[J]. Neuropsychobiology，1986，15(Suppl 1):19-21. DOI：10.1159/000118274.
[40]	LORETTU L, MELI G, ANTONIOLI E，et al. Trazodone prolonged release in bipolar disorder II-obsessive-compulsive disorder comorbidity：a case report[J]. Riv Psichiatr，2017，52(6):255-257. DOI：10.1708/2846.28729.
[41]	FAGIOLINI A, ALBERT U, FERRANDO L，et al. A randomized，double-blind study comparing the efficacy and safety of trazodone once-a-day and venlafaxine extended-release for the treatment of patients with major depressive disorder[J]. Int Clin Psychopharmacol，2020，35(3):137-146. DOI：10.1097/YIC.0000000000000304.
[42]	CUOMO A, BIANCHETTI A, CAGNIN A，et al. Trazodone：a multifunctional antidepressant. Evaluation of its properties and real-world use [J]. J Gerontol Geriatr，2021，69(2):120-129.
[43]	ANTONELLI INCALZI R, CARACI F, CUOMO A，et al. Personalized treatment of depression phenotypes：role of trazodone in depression with insomnia[J]. Riv Psichiatr，2020，55(6):371-379. DOI：10.1708/3503.34896.
[44]	BERARDIS D, FORNARO M, VENTRIGLIO A，et al. Trazodone add-on in COVID-19-related selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor-resistant post-traumatic stress disorder in healthcare workers：two case reports[J]. Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci，2021，19(4):780-785. DOI：10.9758/cpn.2021.19.4.780.
[45]	EBERHARD-GRAN M, ESKILD A, OPJORDSMOEN S. Use of psychotropic medications in treating mood disorders during lactation：practical recommendations[J]. CNS Drugs，2006，20(3):187-198. DOI：10.2165/00023210-200620030-00002.
[46]	EINARSON A, BONARI L, VOYER-LAVIGNE S，et al. A multicentre prospective controlled study to determine the safety of trazodone and nefazodone use during pregnancy[J]. Can J Psychiatry，2003，48(2):106-110. DOI：10.1177/070674370304800207.
[47]	BAYER A J, PATHY M S, ANKIER S I. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of trazodone in the elderly[J]. Br J Clin Pharmacol，1983，16(4):371-376. DOI：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1983.tb02180.x.
[48]	MACRI J C, IABONI A, KIRKHAM J G，et al. Association between antidepressants and fall-related injuries among long-term care residents[J]. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry，2017，25(12):1326-1336. DOI：10.1016/j.jagp.2017.08.014.
[49]	BIFFI A, REA F, SCOTTI L，et al. Antidepressants and the risk of cardiovascular events in elderly affected by cardiovascular disease：a real-life investigation from Italy[J]. J Clin Psychopharmacol，2020，40(2):112-121. DOI：10.1097/JCP.0000000000001189.
[50]	SERVICE J A, WARING W S. QT Prolongation and delayed atrioventricular conduction caused by acute ingestion of trazodone[J]. Clin Toxicol （Phila），2008，46(1):71-73. DOI：10.1080/15563650701275322.
[51]	AKINSEYE O A, ALFISHAWY M, RADPARVAR F，et al. Trazodone and omeprazole interaction causing frequent second-degree Mobitz type 1 atrioventricular （AV） block （Wenckebach phenomenon） and Syncope：a case report and literature review[J]. Am J Case Rep，2015，16:319-321. DOI：10.12659/AJCR.893427.
[52]	DE MEESTER A, CARBUTTI G, GABRIEL L，et al. Fatal overdose with trazodone：case report and literature review[J]. Acta Clin Belg，2001，56(4):258-261. DOI：10.1179/acb.2001.038.
[53]	POON I O, BRAUN U. High prevalence of orthostatic hypotension and its correlation with potentially causative medications among elderly veterans[J]. J Clin Pharm Ther，2005，30(2):173-178. DOI：10.1111/j.1365-2710.2005.00629.x.
[54]	LI T C, CHIU H W, HO K J，et al. Bradycardia following a single low dose of trazodone[J]. Asian J Psychiatr，2011，4(1):77-79. DOI：10.1016/j.ajp.2010.03.003.
[55]	CARVALHO A F, SHARMA M S, BRUNONI A R，et al. The safety，tolerability and risks associated with the use of newer generation antidepressant drugs：a critical review of the literature[J]. Psychother Psychosom，2016，85(5):270-288. DOI：10.1159/000447034.
[56]	SOOD S, JAMES W, BAILON M J. Priapism associated with atypical antipsychotic medications：a review[J]. Int Clin Psychopharmacol，2008，23(1):9-17. DOI：10.1097/YIC.0b013e3282f1c1ef.
[57]	HOFFMANN P, NEU E T, NEU D. Penile amputation after trazodone-induced priapism：a case report[J]. Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry，2010，12(2):PCC.09l00816. DOI：10.4088/PCC.09l00816gry.
[58]	SHARMA T R. Priapism lasting 19 hours with combined use of trazodone and mirtazapine in a patient with history of successfully tolerating each agent as monotherapy[J]. Prim Care Companion CNS Disord，2012，14(5):PCC.12101349. DOI：10.4088/PCC.12l01349.

Expert Recommendations for Clinical Application of Trazodone Hydrochloride Sustained Release

盐酸曲唑酮缓释剂临床应用专家建议

RichHTML

PDF

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 1

References 58

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments

[1]	ZHANG Hongshi, QU Zihan, SUN Xuefeng, WANG Yufeng, CONG Deyu, ZHANG Ye. Effect of Abdominal Massage on Hypothalamus of Insomnia Rats Based on Proteomics [J]. Chinese General Practice, 2025, 28(27): 3399-3409.
[2]	GU Xiaolin, CHEN Junyu, CHEN Dan, HAN Guangli, CHEN Yidi, LI Chunhong, LUO Xiaoxi. Emotional Experience of Pregnant Women in Rural China: a Qualitative Study [J]. Chinese General Practice, 2025, 28(26): 3283-3288.
[3]	WEI Xiaoxia, CHEN Nuo, WANG Juanjuan, ZHU Jingfen. The Effects of Depression and Anxiety on Smoking Behavior among Vocational School Students [J]. Chinese General Practice, 2025, 28(22): 2826-2832.
[4]	LI Xinyue, WU Minmin, ZHU Luwen. Exploration of the Association and Mechanism between Abnormal Lipid Metabolism and Depressive Development [J]. Chinese General Practice, 2025, 28(20): 2562-2569.
[5]	FU Rong, SHI Lei, HE Feiying. Comorbidity of Diabetes and Depression in Middle-aged and Elderly People: the Impact of Sleep, Exercise, and Social Activities [J]. Chinese General Practice, 2025, 28(20): 2491-2500.
[6]	FAN Yu, LI Rong, GONG Shuangying, YANG Xiaojuan, LI Rui. Meta-analysis of the Incidence of Postpartum Depression among Maternal Spouses in China [J]. Chinese General Practice, 2025, 28(17): 2179-2185.
[7]	CHEN Dian, LONG Huanyu, ZHANG Congxi, CHU Lanhe, LI Shurun, CHEN Yahong. Interpretation of Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Treatment, Management and Prevention of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 2025 Report [J]. Chinese General Practice, 2025, 28(16): 1937-1949.
[8]	XIA Yuwen, SHI Huifeng, LI Mengshi, ZHANG Jingxu, WANG Xiaoli. Analysis of the Influencing Factors for Depression of Female Caregivers of Left-behind Children in Rural Area in China [J]. Chinese General Practice, 2025, 28(14): 1717-1722.
[9]	ZENG Yongtian, CHEN Riling, NONG Xueyan, LIU Zhou, LIANG Lizhong, ZHU Zijian. Clinical Research Progress and Challenges of Digital Therapeutics from Screening to Intervention in Autism Spectrum Disorder [J]. Chinese General Practice, 2025, 28(14): 1702-1708.
[10]	WU Dadong, LIU Huimin, ZHANG Jiayi, LIU Siyuan, ZHAO Guanglin, JIN Shuyan, JIANG Lei. Application and Evaluation of the Mobile Platform for Perinatal Depression Screening and Intervention [J]. Chinese General Practice, 2025, 28(14): 1773-1780.
[11]	ZHANG Ying, JIANG Xintong, WANG Pingyu. The Influencing Factors of Depression Symptoms in the Chinese Female Elderly Population Based on Health Ecology Models [J]. Chinese General Practice, 2025, 28(13): 1595-1600.
[12]	ZHAO Lili, LIU Lewei, GENG Feng, MO Daming, LIU Huanzhong. The Relationship between Suicidal Ideation and Childhood Trauma in Adolescents with Depressive Disorder: the Dual Mediating Effects of Depressive Symptom Severity and Low Vitamin D Levels [J]. Chinese General Practice, 2025, 28(13): 1614-1621.
[13]	Chinese Academy Society of Sleep Medicine, Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Sleep Medicine Group, China Neurologist Association. Chinese Guideline for Diagnosis and Treatment of Co-morbid Insomnia and Obstructive Sleep Apnea (2024) [J]. Chinese General Practice, 2025, 28(11): 1289-1303.
[14]	WEI Xuan, WANG Ning, WEI Ying, CHEN Qilin, ZHAO Yang. Analysis of Depression Status and Influencing Factors in Middle-aged and Elderly Patients with Chronic Diseases in China: an Empirical Analysis Based on CHARLS Data [J]. Chinese General Practice, 2025, 28(11): 1303-1308.
[15]	CHEN Hongxu, WANG Denglan, CHEN Yuanyuan, SHEN Juanjuan, SONG Chun, WANG Fan, KONG Tiantian. The Relationship between Remnant Cholesterol and Maternal Depression and Pregnancy Stress in the Second Trimester [J]. Chinese General Practice, 2025, 28(11): 1347-1353.