Abstract:

Menopause is a stage indicating the end of a woman's menstrual cycles. Metabolic disorders induced by changes in female hormones in postmenopausal period negatively affect the quality of life of women. Abnormal lipid metabolism is a common postmenopausal problem, which is often neglected due to its insidious onset, and may lead to obesity, cardiovascular disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and other problems eventually, seriously endangering the health of postmenopausal women. Exercise intervention has proven to be effective in the containment of abnormal lipid metabolism. We reviewed recent advances in postmenopausal changes in E2 and FSH hormones and their influence on lipid metabolism, the effects of different exercise interventions on postmenopausal lipid metabolism abnormalities, and the pathogenesis of lipid metabolism abnormalities caused by postmenopausal hormone changes and the mechanisms of exercise regulation, then summarized that the changes of E2 and FSH hormone levels in perimenopause period are various, and lipid metabolism abnormalities caused by them by a combination of mechanisms can be mitigated by different exercise modalities. This review will provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of lipid metabolism abnormalities, effective improvement of quality of life, and reduction of the risk of cardiovascular disease in postmenopausal women.

Key words: Postmenopausal, Abnormal lipid metabolism, Gonadotropins, Estradiol, Exercise intervention, Hormone secretion

摘要：

绝经是女性必然经历的正常生理阶段，因为绝经后体内多种激素分泌水平发生改变，由此引发的代谢紊乱困扰着众多女性，脂代谢异常是女性绝经后常见问题之一。由于脂代谢异常发病形式隐匿往往不易受重视，其进一步发展可导致肥胖、心血管疾病、非酒精性脂肪肝等，严重危害了绝经后女性健康。运动干预是防控脂代谢异常的有效手段，本文总结了女性绝经后与脂代谢相关的雌二醇（E2）、促卵泡激素（FSH）的分泌变化及其对脂代谢的影响，探讨了不同运动方式对绝经后女性脂代谢异常的干预效果，并对绝经后激素分泌改变引起脂代谢异常的机制及运动调控机制进行了归纳，研究发现女性绝经前后E2、FSH激素水平的变化并不呈单一模式，这种变化通过多个机制共同作用引起的脂代谢异常可在不同运动方式干预后得到改善，从而为女性绝经后脂代谢异常的防治提供理论依据，提高绝经后女性的生活质量，降低心血管疾病的发生风险。

关键词: 绝经后, 脂代谢异常, 促性腺素类, 雌二醇, 运动干预, 激素分泌