Abstract:

In the 21st century, Japan has carried out hospice care services, and developed a sound home-based hospice care system to address the social issues of "fewer children, more older people". And the development of the system is also a key part of Japan's healthcare provision system reform. We introduced Japan's home-based hospice care in terms of concept and ideas, provision institutions, providers and service profile, as well as laws ensuring corresponding imbursement, and put forward the following recommendations for the development of home-based hospice care and for the protection of rights and interests of older people to pass away at home via a sound system design in China: improving the laws about hospice care under appropriate conditions, stably developing home-based hospice care during the implementation of the current healthcare provision system, establishing and improving a collaborative mechanism in providing hospice care, and providing essential financial support for the development of home-based hospice care.

Key words: Hospice and palliative care nursing, Healthy ageing, National health system, Basic medical and health services, Japan

摘要：

21世纪的日本"少子高龄化"特征明显，发展居家安宁疗护、构建完备的居家安宁疗护服务体系，是日本卫生服务提供体制改革的重要方向。本文介绍了日本居家安宁疗护的含义与理念，以及关于居家安宁疗护服务提供机构、提供人员、提供内容及费用保障的法律规定，提示我国在条件成熟时应尽快健全安宁疗护相关立法，在卫生服务提供体系框架下实现居家安宁疗护的稳定发展，建立并强化安宁疗护过程中的协作机制，并为居家安宁疗护提供必要的经费保障，通过完善的制度设计保障老年人"居家善终"的权益。

关键词: 临终关怀和姑息治疗护理, 健康老龄化, 国家医疗卫生体系, 基本医疗卫生服务, 日本