To assess the level of coordinated development of primary care resource allocation and economy in China, and to determine the associated factors, providing a decision-making basis for further improving medical resource allocation and planning.

The research was carried out from November 2020 to April 2021. Data were collected from China Health Statistics Yearbook 2019 and China Statistical Yearbook 2019. fsQCA was implemented to assess the influence of the number of licensed (assistant) doctors, number of registered nurses, financial subsidy for part of salary, number of beds, number of primary care institutions, regional gross domestic product (GDP) , regional fiscal revenue, per capita disposable income, and per capita GDP (used as conditional variables) on the level of interconnected, coordinated development level of primary care resource allocation and economic level (the outcome variable) in 31 regions of China.

In 2018, only the mean level of interconnected, and coordinated development of primary care resource allocation and economy in eastern China (0.61) was within the range (0.6, 1.0] of coordinated development, and that in central China (0.50) was within the transitional harmony range (0.4, 0.6], while that in western China (0.38) was within the range of imbalanced and recessional development[0, 0.4]. The coordinated development of primary care resource allocation and economic level were found to be affected by many factors, and it may be facilitated by four configurations of its associated factors revealed by the configuration analysis: (1) number of beds * number of licensed (assistant) doctors * number of registered nurses * number of primary care institutions * financial subsidy for part of salary* ~ per capita disposable income * ~ per capita GDP; (2) ~ number of beds * ~ number of licensed (assistant) doctors * number of registered nurses * number of primary care institutions * ~ financial subsidy for part of salary* regional GDP * ~ per capita disposable income * per capita GDP; (3) number of licensed (assistant) doctors * number of registered nurses * number of primary care institutions * financial subsidy for part of salary * regional GDP * regional fiscal revenue * per capita disposable income * per capita GDP; (4) ~ number of beds * ~ number of licensed (assistant) doctors * ~ number of registered nurses * ~ number of primary care institutions * financial subsidy for part of salary * regional GDP * regional financial income * per capita disposable income * per capita GDP (* for "and", ~ for "not") . And these four configurations could be classified into three types of paths: primary care resource allocation-driven type, primary care resource allocation and economic balance type, and economic development-driven type.

The overall level of coordinated development of primary care resource allocation and economy in China was unsatisfactory, with obvious regional differences, which was mainly affected by the number of registered nurses, regional GDP, and regional fiscal revenue, but may be facilitated greatly by the above-mentioned four configurations of associated factors. Therefore, it is suggested that each region chooses one path to achieve high level of interconnected, and coordinated development of primary care resource allocation and economy according to their own resources and conditions, so as to promote the rational primary care resource allocation, and the coordinated development of medical resources and economic level, thereby improving the level of primary care services in China.

明确我国基层医疗资源配置与经济协调发展现状及其影响因素，为进一步完善医疗资源配置、规划提供决策依据。

于2020年11月至2021年4月开展研究，数据来源于《2019中国卫生健康统计年鉴》《2019中国统计年鉴》。以全国31个省份基层医疗资源配置与经济水平的耦合协调度为结果变量，以执业（助理）医师数、注册护士数、财政补助收入、床位数、基层医疗卫生机构数、地区生产总值、地方财政收入、人均可支配收入、人均国内生产总值（GDP）9个变量为条件变量，开展模糊集定性比较分析（fsQCA）研究。

2018年，我国东部地区的耦合协调度均值为0.61，达到（0.6，1.0]的协调发展区间；中部地区的耦合协调度均值为0.50，处于（0.4，0.6]的过渡调和区间；西部地区的耦合协调度均值为0.38，处于[0，0.4]的失调衰退区间。基层医疗资源配置与经济水平的协调发展是多种因素共同作用的结果，组态分析结果显示，存在4种条件组态可以促进两者协调发展。组态1：床位数*执业（助理）医师数*注册护士数*基层医疗卫生机构数*财政补助收入*~人均可支配收入*~人均GDP。组态2：~床位数*~执业（助理）医师数*注册护士数*基层医疗卫生机构数*~财政补助收入*地区生产总值*~人均可支配收入*人均GDP。组态3：执业（助理）医师数*注册护士数*基层医疗卫生机构数*财政补助收入*地区生产总值*地方财政收入*人均可支配收入*人均GDP。组态4：~床位数*~执业（助理）医师数*~注册护士数*~基层医疗卫生机构数*财政补助收入*地区生产总值*地方财政收入*人均可支配收入*人均GDP（*表示"且"，~表示"非"）。又可将4种条件组态归纳为基层医疗资源配置驱动型、基层医疗资源配置与经济权衡型、经济发展驱动型3种路径。

我国基层医疗资源配置与经济协调发展的整体水平不高，且地区差异明显，注册护士数、地区生产总值及地方财政收入是基层医疗资源配置和经济协调发展的关键影响因素，且不同因素组合均可产生基层医疗卫生资源配置与经济水平的高度协调发展状态。因此，各地区可结合自身资源禀赋及条件因素选择不同的高协调发展实现路径，以推动基层医疗资源的合理配置，促进医疗资源与经济水平的协调发展，提高我国基层医疗服务整体水平。