Abstract: Background　Significant differences were found between male and female in affective disorders.The reason may be that the emotion regulation strategies that men and women cope with negative experiences are different.Existing studies have shown that men and women use different brain regions in negative emotion regulation，but there is a lack of research on the time process of the relevant neural activities of the two genders.Objective　To study gender differences in conditional extinction of disgust and fear by classical conditioned extinction model.Methods　From January to July 2015，38 college students in Guangzhou were selected by using the method of recruiting，and 3 were excluded. The event-related potentials （ERPs） technique was used to study the gender difference in EEG of 35 college students after acquiring conditioned disgust and fear.Results　The behavioral results showed that all subjects could successfully carry out conditioned regression.and compared with men，it was more difficult for women to extinct conditioned fear.The ERPs data indicated that in early brain ingredients，women's amplitude of P1，N1 and P2 were greater than those of men.For men，the amplitude differences of early ingredients caused by these three conditional stimuli were not significant（P>0.05）；but for women，the amplitudes of early ingredients induced by conditioned fear stimulus were smaller than those induced by conditioned disgust and conditioned neutral stimulus （P<0.05）．However，at the middle and late stage，the main effect of gender was not significant in ingredients，such as N2 and P3（P>0.05）．Conclusion　Women's conditional fear is more difficult to extinct than that of men，but both genders can reach successful extinction.

Key words: Conditional extinction, Disgust, Fear, Neurofeedback, Male, Female

摘要： 背景　男女情感障碍患病率差异显著，原因可能是男女处理负性经历的情绪调节策略不同，已有研究表明不同性别在负性情绪调节中使用不同脑区，但缺乏两者在相关神经活动的时间进程上的研究。目的　本研究旨在用条件性反射范式探讨厌恶与恐惧情绪消退的性别差异。方法　于2015年1—7月采用招募被试的方法，选取广州地区在校大学生38名，剔除3名，采用事件相关电位技术研究35名大学生在习得条件性厌恶与恐惧情绪之后，条件性消退的脑电性别差异。结果　行为结果表明，被试均能成功进行条件性消退，但相对于男性，女性对条件性恐惧刺激更难以消退。脑电结果表明，脑成分早期，女性的P1、N1、P2成分波幅均大于男性。对于男性，3类条件性刺激诱发的早期成分波幅比较，差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）；对于女性，条件性恐惧刺激诱发的早期成分波幅均小于条件性厌恶和条件性中性刺激诱发的波幅（P<0.05）。中晚期N2和P3成分，性别主效应均不显著（P>0.05）。结论　女性对恐惧刺激的条件性消退较男性难，但均可以成功消退。

关键词: 条件性消退, 厌恶, 恐惧, 神经反馈, 男性, 女性